England -- Not random

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1419
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 2, 1425)

Description

Lollards were a heretical group following the theological teaching of John Wyclif. Popular protests against the wealth, power, and pride of the clergy, were frequent, and in times of disorder would express themselves in an extreme form. They had been persecuted several times during the 14th century, and its last appearance was in the early 15th century.

Actions

A. Stop the Heretics

• Global revolt risk +3 for 36 months
• Stability -2
• -50

B. Let them be

• -100 relations with Papal States
• -100 relations with France
• -100 relations with Burgundy
• -100 relations with Brittany
• -100 relations with Dauphiné

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 170288 - The Treaty of Troyes - Henry will Inherit the Crown for France has already occurred
• Own Maine

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1419
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1430)

Description

The counties of Maine and then Anjou fell into the hands of the English. Despite incredible gains in Maine, a small but significant portion of Anjou remained in the hands of Dauphinists. From their strategic position on the north and south banks of the Loire, the French rebels would harass the English lines of supply and communication, undermining England's rule and the stability of the region.

Actions

A. Keep an eye on the rabble then...

• Maine revolts
• -50 relations with Provence
• -50 relations with Dauphiné
• -25 relations with Brittany
• Revolt risk value in Maine +4
• -2 base tax value in Maine
• Revolt risk value in Ile de France -2

England -- Not random

Conditions

• None of the following must occur:
  • Event 170290 - The Treaty of Orleans for France has already occurred
  • Event 170291 - The Generous Peace of Henry V for France has already occurred

Will happen within 60 days of October 2, 1422
Checked again every 60 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1422)

Description

When King Henry V departed for his last campaign in France, he had appointed his youngest brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, as Regent during his absence. Whilst Henry lived, the appointment was acceptable to all because Gloucester was firmly under the control of his eldest brother and could be called to order if the necessity arose. He was an intelligent man, and in the last months of King Henry V's reign, Gloucester discharged his office dutifully and conscientiously. He was a prominent heroe of Agincourt and had been severely wounded in that epic battle, which had ensured his immense popularity with the commons. Added to this he was affable, approachable, and a noted patron of letters and learning. He favoured war until the French were truly subjugated, a view commonly held by the people who felt that they deserved nothing less. Gloucester's troubles arose from his dealings with the magnates whose responsibilities enabled them to play a hand in England's government. They found him quarrelsome and difficult and so they disliked and distrusted him. Chief among those who held this view were the two remaining Beaufort brothers, Henry, Bishop of Winchester, and Thomas, Duke of Exeter, the infant King's guardian. Henry V had done what he could before his death to arrange for his son's rule. In his will, Henry V had designated Henry's brother John, Duke of Bedford, to prosecute war in France, while England was to be ruled by Gloucester. However, there was no constitutional precedent, and while Gloucester viewed his brother's dying wishes as his right, in actuality, it was the Lords of the Council who were to determine Gloucester's place in government. Led by Henry Beaufort, the Council resisted Gloucester's wishes and refused to invest a Regency in him. Instead, Gloucester was created 'Protector of the Realm of England' and King's Chief Councillor, sinking to the role of Second Councillor whenever his older brother, John, was present in England. So, the council secured their rule despite Henry V's wishes and Gloucester's actions. Nevertheless, Parliament could reverse this development and met late in the year. Gloucester then pressed his cause before the Lords to be recognised as Regent of England, basing his claim on his blood relationship to the new King, and the dying wishes of his brother. The Lords, suitably prepared by the two Beaufort brothers and other members of the Council, flatly refused Gloucester's request. Thus, parliament backed the Council's wishes and his reduced position was confirmed. Gloucester was deeply insulted by Beaufort's efforts, and would never truly forgive him. Meanwhile the nominal rule of a baby invited discord and frustrated war efforts. Sacrifice and unity were demanded at home, yet they depended heavily on the success of the war...

Actions

A. By His Majesty's will, Bedford shall rule the kingdom

• Monarch Humphrey Plantagenet (Henry VI) becomes active
• Centralization -1
• Aristocracy +1
• Event 164221 - Jacqueline of Hainault for England will never fire
• Event 164231 - Henry's Minority Comes to an End for England will never fire

B. Invest the powers of Kingship in Gloucester

• Monarch Humphrey Plantagenet (Henry VI) becomes active
• Stability -1
• Centralization +1
• Aristocracy -1
• Event 164220 - Jacqueline of Hainault for England will never fire
• Event 164227 - Beaufort and Gloucester Feud for England will never fire
• Event 164230 - Henry Declares His Minority Has Ended for England will never fire

C. Let the old man Beaufort have his day

• Monarch Interregnum becomes active
• Centralization +1
• Aristocracy -1
• +25 relations with Papal States
• Event 164220 - Jacqueline of Hainault for England will never fire
• Event 164227 - Beaufort and Gloucester Feud for England will never fire
• Event 164230 - Henry Declares His Minority Has Ended for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 170290 - The Treaty of Orleans for France has already occurred
  • Event 170291 - The Generous Peace of Henry V for France has already occurred

Will happen within 60 days of October 2, 1422
Checked again every 60 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1422)

Description

When King Henry V departed for his last campaign in France, he had appointed his youngest brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, as Regent during his absence. Whilst Henry lived, the appointment was acceptable to all because Gloucester was firmly under the Royal Power of his eldest brother and could be called to order if the necessity arose. He was an intelligent man, and in the last months of King Henry V's reign, Gloucester discharged his office dutifully and conscientiously. He was one of the most prominent of the heroes of Agincourt and had been severely wounded in that epic battle, which ensured his immense popularity with the common people. Added to this he was affable, approachable, and a noted patron of letters and learning. He favoured the continuation of the war until the French were truly subjugated, a view commonly held by the people who felt that they deserved nothing less. Gloucester's troubles arose from his dealings with the magnates whose responsibilities enabled them to play a hand in England's government. They found him quarrelsome and difficult and so they disliked and distrusted him. Chief among those who held this view were the two remaining Beaufort brothers, Henry, Bishop of Winchester, and Thomas, Duke of Exeter, the infant King's guardian. Henry V had done what he could before his death to arrange for his son's rule. By his will Henry's brother John, Duke of Bedford was to head the Regency in England. However, there was no constitutional precedent, and Gloucester coveted the position for himself. Nevertheless, it was the Lords of the Council who would determine the arrangement of government. Led by Henry Beaufort, the Council resisted Gloucester's wishes, and refused to invest a Regency in him. Instead, Gloucester was created 'Protector of the Realm of England', which gave him the position as King's Chief Councillor. So the council secured their rule despite Gloucester's actions. Nevertheless, Parliament could reverse the development, and was to meet late in the year. The Lords, suitably prepared by the two Beaufort brothers and other members of the Council, flatly refused Gloucester's request. Thus Parliament backed the Council's wishes and his reduced position was confirmed. Gloucester was insulted by Beaufort's efforts, and would find it difficult to forgive him. Neverthless, his older and more capable brother, John, Duke of Bedford was adept at keeping his younger fiery brother in line, at least for the time being.

Actions

A. Bedford shall watch over the realm

• Monarch Humphrey Plantagenet (Henry VI) becomes active
• Centralization -1
• Aristocracy +1
• Event 164220 - Jacqueline of Hainault for England will never fire
• Event 164231 - Henry's Minority Comes to an End for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 164218 - Henry VI's Minority for England has already occurred
  • Event 164219 - Henry VI's Minority for England has already occurred

Will happen within 60 days of November 2, 1422
Checked again every 60 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1425)

Description

William, Count of Holland and Hainault died in 1417, leaving one daughter, Jacqueline. Jacqueline had been married to the late Dauphin of France, who had died only a few weeks before her father. At the time, King Henry V had made overtures for the lady's hand for his brother John, Duke of Bedford, but her mother, the sister of the late Duke of Burgundy, John 'the Fearless', saw to it that the young widow married John, Duke of Brabant. John was Philip's nephew and his father had been killed by the English at Agincourt. The marriage may well have been void on the grounds of consanguinity, because John and Jacqueline were cousins, but its political justification lay in keeping Hainault within Burgundy's control. John 'the Fearless', and his son and successor, Philip 'the Good', had understood this all too well. Jacqueline had been passed over for the succession to the counties on her father's death in 1417 in favor of her uncle, John of Bavaria. However, the Duke of Brabant had simply ceded much of Jacqueline's inheritance to the Duke of Bavaria in order to settle the dispute. A diplomatic move that had not been received well by Jacqueline. Furious over her dull husband's inability to secure the inheritance, Jacqueline had left him. In 1421, she fled to London, where she met Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. Within two years, they announced their intention of getting married. The two needed a Papal dispensation for the marriage, which Pope Martin V would not supply. Thus, Gloucester approached the recently displaced Pope Benedict XIII, who was happy to spite Pope Martin by granting the annulment. Their marriage entitled Gloucester to the counties of Holland, Zeeland and Hainult, albeit at a cost. The Courts of Europe were scandalised by what they had done. Philip was incandescent with rage and made it clear that he had suffered a grave affront which he felt most deeply. Believing, with good reason, that Jacqueline's inheritance of Hainault would never be surrendered to her peacefully, Gloucester saw seizure by force as the only alternative. The Council was finding it difficult to keep Gloucester in order, and it may well be that his enterprise was aimed at defying the wishes of the Council which had spurned him under the leadership of Bishop Beaufort. Nevertheless, they warned him that any such a venture into Hainault would be seen as a hostile act against Burgundy herself.

Actions

A. Renounce any claims to the inheritance and denounce Gloucester's private efforts

• Stability -1
• -25
• Lose 5000 troops in a random province
• -25 relations with Brabant
• -25 relations with Burgundy
• -25 relations with Luxemburg
• Event 164225 - Failure in the Low Countries for England will never fire
• Event 164161 - Failure in the Low Countries for England will never fire
• Event 164226 - Treaty of Amsterdam for England will never fire
• Event 137308 - Treaty of Delft for Burgundy will never fire

B. The inheritance is rightfully ours!

• -100 relations with Brabant
• -100 relations with Burgundy
• -100 relations with Luxemburg
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Burgundy for 24 months
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Brabant for 24 months
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Luxemburg for 24 months
• Holland will be considered a national (core) province
• Artois will be considered a national (core) province
• Set flag [HollandClaim] for events
• +2 badboy
• Event 164222 - Jacqueline is Captured for England will never fire
• Event 164223 - Jacqueline's Escape for Artois will never fire
• Event 164224 - Failure in the Low Countries for England will never fire
• Event 164173 - Proposal at Amiens for England will never fire
• Event 137063 - Treaty of Amiens, 1423 for Burgundy will never fire
• Event 137307 - Treaty of Delft for Burgundy will never fire

C. Force Gloucester to withdraw his claims and appease Jacqueline with estates in England

• -25
• -1 base tax value in a random province
• +50 relations with Brabant
• +50 relations with Burgundy
• +50 relations with Luxemburg
• Event 3893 - The Duke of Gloucester and the Countess of Hainaut for Burgundy will never fire
• Event 182002 - The Countess of Hainault and the Duke of Gloucester for Brabant will never fire
• Event 213000 - The Countess of Hainault and the Duke of Gloucester for Luxemburg will never fire
• Event 164222 - Jacqueline is Captured for England will never fire
• Event 164223 - Jacqueline's Escape for Artois will never fire
• Event 164224 - Failure in the Low Countries for England will never fire
• Event 164225 - Failure in the Low Countries for England will never fire
• Event 164161 - Failure in the Low Countries for England will never fire
• Event 164226 - Treaty of Amsterdam for England will never fire
• Event 137307 - Treaty of Delft for Burgundy will never fire
• Event 137308 - Treaty of Delft for Burgundy will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 164218 - Henry VI's Minority for England has already occurred
  • Event 164219 - Henry VI's Minority for England has already occurred

Will happen within 60 days of November 2, 1422
Checked again every 60 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1425)

Description

William, Count of Holland and Hainault died in 1417, leaving one daughter, Jacqueline. Jacqueline had been married to the late Dauphin of France, who had died only a few weeks before her father. At the time, King Henry V had made overtures for the lady's hand for his brother John, Duke of Bedford, but her mother, the sister of the late Duke of Burgundy, John 'the Fearless', saw to it that the young widow married John, Duke of Brabant. John was Philip's nephew and his father had been killed by the English at Agincourt. This marriage may well have been void on the grounds of consanguinity, because John and Jacqueline were cousins, but its political justification lay in keeping Hainault within Burgundy's control. John 'the Fearless', and his son and successor, Philip 'the Good', had understood this all too well. Jacqueline had been passed over for the succession to the counties on her father's death in 1417 in favor of her uncle, John of Bavaria. However, the Duke of Brabant had simply ceded much of Jacqueline's inheritance to the Duke of Bavaria in order to settle the dispute. A diplomatic move that had not been received well by Jacqueline. Furious over her dull husband's inability to secure the inheritance, Jacqueline had left him. In 1421, she fled to London, where she met Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. Gloucester was well aware of the consequences of associating England with a family feud well within Burgundian jurisdiction. A marriage between Gloucester and Jacqueline would entitle him to the Counties of Holland, Zeeland and Hainault. Gloucester would require a special Papal dispensation, which the current Pope, Martin V, would likely decline to provide. However, a dispensation from the displaced Pope Benedict XIII was well within reach. If Gloucester were to act on impulse, Burgundy would be incandescent with rage and the Courts of Europe would scandalised by what had occurred. Nevertheless, there was more than enough reason to believe that the inheritance would never be surrendered to Jacqueline peacefully, and expanding England's foothold in the lowlands was a terribly tempting prospect.

Actions

A. Reject Jacqueline's overtures for marriage, but privately fund her efforts

• -50
• Lose 5000 troops in a random province
• -25 relations with Burgundy
• -25 relations with Brabant
• -25 relations with Luxemburg
• +1 badboy
• Event 164225 - Failure in the Low Countries for England will never fire
• Event 164161 - Failure in the Low Countries for England will never fire
• Event 164226 - Treaty of Amsterdam for England will never fire
• Event 137308 - Treaty of Delft for Burgundy will never fire

B. These lands are rightfully ours!

• -100 relations with Brabant
• -100 relations with Burgundy
• -100 relations with Luxemburg
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Burgundy for 24 months
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Brabant for 24 months
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Luxemburg for 24 months
• Holland will be considered a national (core) province
• Artois will be considered a national (core) province
• Set flag [HollandClaim] for events
• +2 badboy
• Event 164222 - Jacqueline is Captured for England will never fire
• Event 164223 - Jacqueline's Escape for Artois will never fire
• Event 164224 - Failure in the Low Countries for England will never fire
• Event 164173 - Proposal at Amiens for England will never fire
• Event 137063 - Treaty of Amiens, 1423 for Burgundy will never fire
• Event 137307 - Treaty of Delft for Burgundy will never fire

C. Withdraw the claims altogether and appease Jacqueline with estates in England

• Stability +1
• -25
• -1 base tax value in a random province
• +50 relations with Brabant
• +50 relations with Burgundy
• +50 relations with Luxemburg
• Event 3893 - The Duke of Gloucester and the Countess of Hainaut for Burgundy will never fire
• Event 182002 - The Countess of Hainault and the Duke of Gloucester for Brabant will never fire
• Event 213000 - The Countess of Hainault and the Duke of Gloucester for Luxemburg will never fire
• Event 164222 - Jacqueline is Captured for England will never fire
• Event 164223 - Jacqueline's Escape for Artois will never fire
• Event 164224 - Failure in the Low Countries for England will never fire
• Event 164225 - Failure in the Low Countries for England will never fire
• Event 164161 - Failure in the Low Countries for England will never fire
• Event 164226 - Treaty of Amsterdam for England will never fire
• Event 137307 - Treaty of Delft for Burgundy will never fire
• Event 137308 - Treaty of Delft for Burgundy will never fire

England -- Not random

Triggered by

Action B of 20435 - The General Council, 1423 for Scotland

Description

The negotiations conducted in the north regarding the release of King James I of Scotland had ground to a halt. The English delegation had underestimated Duke Murdac I, Regent of Scotland and leader of the Albany Stewarts, and as a result, the Duke was able to prevent the Council from agreeing to James's release.

Actions

A. Drats!

• -25 relations with Scotland

England -- Not random

Conditions

• None of the following must occur:
  • England and Burgundy are at war
  • England and Brandenburg are at war
  • England and Luxemburg are at war
• Own Holland
• Own Artois
• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 164220 - Jacqueline of Hainault for England has already occurred
  • Event 164221 - Jacqueline of Hainault for England has already occurred

Will happen within 1 days of January 2, 1424
Checked again every 1 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after July 3, 1428)

Description

Jacqueline, with the aid of her valiant husband, Gloucester, arrived in London to the cheers and rapturious acclaim of the poeple of London and Henry VI's loyal subjects from the surrounding country side. England had defied the greed of the Dukes of Burgundy, Brabant and Luxemburg, and solidified a foothold in the rich lowland countries and was now celebrating with all the pomp and style of the times. The Duke and his Countess had returned with the Treaty of Amsterdam, which secured for the Countess her father's inheritance of the counties of Hainault and Holland. Gloucester would spend a short time attending to matters of council, and his own estates in England, before returning to the continent to help administrate England's new possessions. Well done sire!

Actions

A. OK

• Stability +1
• +50 victory points
• Event 137309 - Treaty of Amsterdam for Burgundy is triggered immediately

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 20434 - The General Council, 1423 for Scotland has already occurred
  • Event 20435 - The General Council, 1423 for Scotland has already occurred
• None of the following must occur:
  • Event 164011 - The Scots Reject James's Release for England has already occurred

Will happen within 30 days of February 2, 1424
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1424)

Description

The position James held under Henry V encouraged the council to regard James as a potential ally. The prospect of a marriage between James and an English royal had The senior Beaufort's, Thomas, Duke of Exeter, and Henry, Bishop of Winchester, were not only half-brothers of Henry IV but held dominant positions on the household and council in 1423. Hence, in the Beaufort's actively sought to solidify a marriage between James and their neice Joan Beaufort. Their efforts were successful and in February of 1424 James and Joan celebrated their marriage at Southwark with a banquet in the bishop's diocese.

Actions

A. Excellent!

• Stability +1
• +15 relations with Scotland
• Gain a royal marriage with Scotland
• +3 diplomats
• Event 20439 - James's Marriage to Joan Beaufort for Scotland is triggered immediately

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 20441 - James I's Coronation for Scotland has already occurred

Will happen within 30 days of February 2, 1424
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1424)

Description

James I's Coronation occurred at Scone and was a display of restored royal prestige. James was installed on the throne by his old tutor, Bishop Wardlaw of St. Andrews, and Murdac I Duke of Albany as Earl of Fife, in accordance with customary procedure. After the ceremony, James conferred knighthood on Duke Murdac's favoured son, Alexander, and several of James's nobles, including the Earls of Wigtown, March, and Angus, his southern allies. This display of renewed monarchy and feudal harmony encouraged English hopes for James. With James on the throne, Henry VI's Regency could feel secure in knowing that England's northern border was safe from significant Scottish invasion for at least the next few years...

Actions

A. Excellent!

• Stability +1
• +25
• Gain Scotland as vassals

England -- Not random

Conditions

• None of the following must occur:
  • Own Artois
• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 164220 - Jacqueline of Hainault for England has already occurred
  • Event 164221 - Jacqueline of Hainault for England has already occurred

Will happen within 150 days of March 2, 1425
Checked again every 150 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1426)

Description

Jacqueline's revolts in the low countries were crushed. The rebels had bungled their efforts and Gloucester's efforts served only to humiliate him. Gloucester abandoned her in disgrace. Jacqueline was soon afterwards imprisoned at Ghent, and Gloucester responded with an attempt to free her. If Jacqueline remained a captive, she would soon be obliged to make peace with Duke Philip of Burgundy, who sought to avenge her repudiation of his cousin, John IV Duke of Brabant.

Actions

A. Attempt a Rescue Effort!

• Lose 5000 troops in a random province
• -15
• -25 relations with Burgundy
• -25 relations with Brabant
• -25 relations with Luxemburg

B. Oh, well...

• +15 relations with Burgundy
• +15 relations with Brabant
• +15 relations with Luxemburg
• Event 164223 - Jacqueline's Escape for Artois will never fire

Province of Artois -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 164222 - Jacqueline is Captured for England has already occurred
• None of the following must occur:
  • England owns Artois

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1425
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1427)

Description

Jacqueline, Countess of Hainault, Zeeland and Holland, the rebel who sought her father's inheritance and repudiated her marriage to John Duke of Brabant, had been held captive. She had been struggling for control of her father's inheritance since his death in 1417. Having failed in her attempt at revolt, the Duke of Gloucester had financed an attempt to rescue her. Having caught wind of Gloucester's plan, Jacqueline's supporters revolted, and as a result she mounted a successful escape from Burgundian captivity.

Actions

A. Find her!

• -15 relations with England
• Artois revolts
• Artois revolts

England -- Not random

Will happen within 30 days of November 2, 1425
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1425)

Description

By the end of 1425, Gloucester was stirring up more trouble in England. Although he was the titular Protector of the Realm of England, and the King's Chief Councilor, the Council, led by his uncle, Henry Beaufort, quarreled with him daily over domestic and foreign policy. Beaufort, bishop of Winchester, had been offered a Cardinal's hat during Henry V's reign, though the King had refused to allow Beaufort to accept, requiring the Bishop's services during those critical years. He was in high favour during Henry V's and Henry IV's reigns, serving as Chancellor on more than one occasion. Gloucester remained a staunch supporter of the war in France, but more importantly, had harboured ill feelings towards his uncle for excluding him from assuming control of King Henry VI's Regency after Henry V's death. Although Beaufort held a majority of support among the councillors in England, Gloucester's popularity in the Commons tended to balance the two court parties. In several instanes, the two had come to bitter words, heated exchanges and blows. On this occasion, however, Beaufort felt his life was in danger. Gloucester had already incited several mobs protesting Beaufort's actions, and was now threatening to forecfully remove Beaufort himself. The bishop frantically wrote to the Duke of Bedford, begging him to return to the Council in order to straighten out the valiant Duke's irate younger brother. Thus Bedford was obliged to return to England, in order to soothe the two parties. He remained there, personally administrating England until the two parties had been somewhat reconsiled the situation had stabilized, temporarily abandoning his personal war efforts in France.

Actions

A. Gloucester's enraged, sire!

• Stability -1
• Global revolt risk +1 for 12 months
• Leader Bedford becomes active
• Leader Bedford will never be active

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 137307 - Treaty of Delft for Burgundy has already occurred

Will happen within 15 days of July 2, 1428
Checked again every 15 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 30, 1436)

Description

Without sufficient military presence, Gloucester's attempt to reclaim Jacqueline's inheritance could not succeed. With mounting pressure from the English Council and the Duke of Burgundy, Gloucester was forced to withdraw his forces. Facing humilation at home and a strong desire to distance himself from the whole debacle, Gloucester rejected Jacqueline in favour of one her servants, Eleanor Cobham, who stayed in England. A papal decree invalidated Gloucester's marriage to Jacqueline, permitting him to marry Eleanor, for which he was severely criticized. Jacqueline remained on the continent and fell into the hands of the Duke of Burgundy...

Actions

A. Oh, well...

• -25 relations with Burgundy

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 137308 - Treaty of Delft for Burgundy has already occurred

Will happen within 15 days of July 2, 1428
Checked again every 15 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 30, 1436)

Description

Without sufficient military presence, Gloucester's attempt to reclaim Jacqueline's inheritance could not succeed. With mounting pressure from the English Council and the Duke of Burgundy, Gloucester was forced to withdraw his forces. Facing humilation at home and a strong desire to distance himself from the whole debacle, Gloucester rejected Jacqueline in favour of one her servants, Eleanor Cobham, who stayed in England. A papal decree invalidated Gloucester's marriage to Jacqueline, permitting him to marry Eleanor, for which he was severely criticized. Jacqueline remained on the continent and fell into the hands of the Duke of Burgundy...

Actions

A. Oh, well...

• Stability -1
• Holland will no longer be considered a national (core) province
• Artois will no longer be considered a national (core) province
• -25 relations with Burgundy
• -50 victory points
• Clear flag "[HollandClaim]"
• Event 164161 - Failure in the Low Countries for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Holland is a national (core) province
  • Artois is a national (core) province
• None of the following must occur:
  • All of the following must occur:
    • Own Holland
    • Own Artois
• None of the following must occur:
  • Event 164225 - Failure in the Low Countries for England has already occurred

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1437
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 31, 1819)

Description

Without sufficient military presence, Jacqueline's inheritance is lost forever...

Actions

A. Oh, well...

• Holland will no longer be considered a national (core) province
• Artois will no longer be considered a national (core) province
• -50 victory points
• Clear flag "[HollandClaim]"

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 164171 - The Legacy of Charles VI for England has already occurred
• At least one of the following must occur:
  • England owns Caux
  • England owns Normandie

Will happen within 200 days of January 2, 1429
Checked again every 200 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1430)

Description

Besides the subsidies granted to the Crown by the estates there was a gabelle, a quatrieme on wine and cider, and a sales tax on all goods. In addition the guet was levied, a hearth tax to pay the troops. The peasants in Normandy suffered fromt he English garrisons -- foraging, looting and kidnapping for ransom, and the patis. By now, the plundering grew still more oppressive. The English freebooters and ecorcheurs laid waste to peasant life across the Norman lands. Lancastrian France was becoming a wilderness laid waste by its garrisons, by deserters, by erocheurs and by Dauphinist raiders. At the end of the 1420s, the revenues from Normandy began to fall drastically, with vast swathes of fertile and arable lands now barren and deserted. A series of bad harvests only exacerbated the crisis, fuelling a bread shortage and adding to the peasants' misery. It would not be long before a series of revolts would break out across the vast Duchy territory...

Actions

A. Is there nothing we can do?!

• -2 base tax value in Caux
• -2 base tax value in Normandie
• Revolt risk value in Caux +4
• Revolt risk value in Normandie +4

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 164217 - Maine and Anjou are ours for England has already occurred
• Event 164181 - The Loire Valley Offensive for England has already occurred

Will happen within 200 days of January 2, 1430
Checked again every 200 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1431)

Description

Having abandoned Salisbury's campaign plans for the Loire Valley three years before, the Regency instead focused on smashing the remnants of the Dauphinists forces in the two counties, particularly those stationed at Angers. After a vicious campaign and numerous sieges, the Dauphinist forces abandoned the lands north of the Loire. At last, a semblance of stability prevailed throughout the Duchy.

Actions

A. Good!

• Revolt risk value in Maine -4
• +1 base tax value in Maine

England -- Not random

Conditions

• England owns Ile de France
• Event 164171 - The Legacy of Charles VI for England has already occurred
• Event 361028 - The Consecration of Charles VII for Dauphiné has already occurred

Will happen within 1 days of December 3, 1431
Checked again every 1 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1432)

Description

As a result of interrupted communications and exposed supply routes, together with harassment by brigands and peasants, many Parisians were starving. Bedford had returned to Paris early in 1431 amidst widespread famine. He had brought with him some seventy barges laden with food which provided merely a temporary respite from the daily misery of the people. The price of wheat had doubled and many now cursed the Regent, not only in private but in public as well. Charles had been anointed at Rheims not too long before, and Cardinal Beaufort had been desperate to counter the development. Henry VI arrived in Paris and was to spend little time there. Cardinal Beaufort presided over an ill-managed ceremony that was conducted tactlessly. The Bishop of Paris was snubbed, as were several traditionally French nuances in favour of their English counterparts. The day degenerated into a riot.

Actions

A. Cardinal Beaufort is the King's favourite...

• Revolt risk value in Ile de France +2
• -2 base tax value in Ile de France

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Picardie
  • Own Caux
  • Own Ile de France
  • Own Nivernais
  • Own Dauphiné
  • Own Lyonnais
  • Own Bourgogne
  • Own Berri
  • Own Orléanais
  • Own Maine
  • Own Normandie
  • Own Vendée
  • Own Poitou
  • Own Limousin
  • Own Auvergne
  • Own Cévennes
  • Own Languedoc
  • Own Guyenne
  • Own Gascogne

Will happen within 10 days of September 15, 1435
Checked again every 10 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1435)

Description

On September 14th, 1435, John of Lancaster Duke of Bedford and Regent of France, younger brother of the great Henry V, drew his last breath. The loss of such an able commander and administrator was a severe blow to England's grip on France. Within weeks of Bedford's departure, areas of English occupied France revolted in a desperate attempt to shake off the English, whose presence in France had begun to seem like occupation. Compounding England's problems were severe grain shortages accross much of France. The English were forced to respond to the shortages by banning the export of grain in order to secure enough food for the soldiers. Bedford's death also signaled the gradual but steady demise of the King's Council and domestic stability, as constant jockeying for Royal favour within the factionalized English Court eclipsed issues of great importance and necessity. Without his older brother Bedford to keep him somewhat pacified, Gloucester, now heir presumptive, unleashed himself on Cardinal Beaufort. Their rivalry and continued squabling represented a source of constant conflict that spilled over into foreign and domestic matters. The events of the autumn of 1435 prompted the boy King, Henry VI, now nearing fourteen years of age, to voice his own views and take a greater interest in the emotionally charged political circumstances of the day. One thing was certain, England was simply ill equipped for, and slow to adapt to Bedford's departure.

Actions

A. Our subjects in France are in arms!

• Stability -1
• Monarch's administrative skill -2 for 13 months
• Monarch's diplomatic skill -2 for 13 months
• Monarch's military skill -2 for 13 months
• Caux revolts
• Normandie revolts
• Revolt risk value in Picardie +12
• Revolt risk value in Caux +12
• Revolt risk value in Ile de France +12
• Revolt risk value in Nivernais +12
• Revolt risk value in Dauphiné +12
• Revolt risk value in Lyonnais +12
• Revolt risk value in Bourgogne +12
• Revolt risk value in Berri +12
• Revolt risk value in Orléanais +12
• Revolt risk value in Maine +12
• Revolt risk value in Normandie +12
• Revolt risk value in Armor +12
• Revolt risk value in Bretagne +12
• Revolt risk value in Morbihan +12
• Revolt risk value in Vendée +12
• Revolt risk value in Poitou +12
• Revolt risk value in Limousin +12
• Revolt risk value in Auvergne +12
• Revolt risk value in Cévennes +12
• Revolt risk value in Languedoc +12
• Revolt risk value in Guyenne +12
• Revolt risk value in Gascogne +12

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Picardie
  • Own Caux
  • Own Ile de France
  • Own Nivernais
  • Own Dauphiné
  • Own Lyonnais
  • Own Bourgogne
  • Own Berri
  • Own Maine
  • Own Normandie
  • Own Vendée
  • Own Poitou
  • Own Limousin
  • Own Auvergne
  • Own Cévennes
  • Own Languedoc
  • Own Guyenne
  • Own Gascogne

Will happen within 90 days of February 2, 1436
Checked again every 90 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1436)

Description

The Duke of York was the son of Richard Earl of Cambridge and Anne Mortimer who had perished within days of York's birth. Richard had inherited his title from his paternal grandfather Edmund of Langely, the fourth surviving son of the great Edward III. Cambridge had been executed for treason by King Henry V on the eve of Henry's initial expedition to France in 1415, leaving York an orphan at the age of four. York's paternal uncle Edward, then Duke of York, was killed at Agincourt shortly thereafter, leading the English vanguard against the French cavalry in the opening phases of that epic battle. Perhaps it was Edward's loyalty and courageous actions at Agincourt that saved his nephew from an early political demise, but certainly by enfeofing his estates to trusted lords and supporters, Edward had helped to secure his young nephew's eventual recovery of the lands of York. Through his mother Anne, York would eventually inherit the vast Mortimer estates. Moreover, Anne descended directly from Lionel of Antwerp, the second surviving son of Edward III. Thus, York had an excellent claim on the throne of England, an arguably better claim than Henry's and the wealth to back such a claim if need be, as York was the richest and greatest magnate in England. Despite the questionable actions of his ancestors and his quiet claim, he had served as Henry VI's constable and had further proved himself a loyal subject of Henry's. In the months following Bedford's death, Gloucester's Court faction grew increasingly critical of Cardinal Beaufort's dominance over Henry VI. In the meantime, greater problems had emerged in France. The Council eventually decided York was the best candidate for Bedford's replacement. However, the length of York's term was indefinate, as the King would come of age soon enough and would be expected to make his own appointments. York was charged with the difficult task of providing good governance to lands wrought with strife and seathing with unrest. In this task he was largely successful, surrounded as he was by experienced administrators such as Louis of Luxemburg and seasoned soldiers like Lord Talbot...

Actions

A. With great vigour, our lords have restored much order in France

• +50
• Stability +1
• +7500 infantry in a random province
• +2000 cavalry in the same province
• Revolt risk value in Picardie -10
• Revolt risk value in Caux -10
• Revolt risk value in Ile de France -10
• Revolt risk value in Nivernais -10
• Revolt risk value in Dauphiné -10
• Revolt risk value in Lyonnais -10
• Revolt risk value in Bourgogne -10
• Revolt risk value in Berri -10
• Revolt risk value in Orléanais -10
• Revolt risk value in Maine -10
• Revolt risk value in Normandie -10
• Revolt risk value in Armor -10
• Revolt risk value in Bretagne -10
• Revolt risk value in Morbihan -10
• Revolt risk value in Vendée -10
• Revolt risk value in Poitou -10
• Revolt risk value in Limousin -10
• Revolt risk value in Auvergne -10
• Revolt risk value in Cévennes -10
• Revolt risk value in Languedoc -10
• Revolt risk value in Guyenne -10
• Revolt risk value in Gascogne -10

England -- Not random

Will happen within 10 days of November 13, 1437
Checked again every 10 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1437)

Description

Henry VI declared his minority at an end and assumed direct control of the English realm in 1437. He was only sixteen years old. With this declaration the Council reverted to its traditional role of advising the King. The power of the Councillors had increased immensely with 15 years of autonomy, however no one would challenge Henry VI's right to rule in his own name. Once he established himself, Henry VI reappointed all of the Councillors to their former positions, provided they swore not to settle significant matters of state without consulting the King first. A stoutly devout man, Henry VI would prove himself ill-equipped for Kingship, incapable of employing the necessarily ruthless political measures required of the late medieval King. He knew not how to successfully consolidate his Royal power, and instead focused on playing one loyal subject off another loyal subject, fostering jealousies between Councillors and nobles, and lavishly rewarding those close to him with the Royal patrimony.

Actions

A. May ye Lordship be Devout and Mercifull

• Stability +1
• Centralization +1
• Aristocracy +1

England -- Not random

Will happen within 10 days of November 13, 1437
Checked again every 10 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1437)

Description

Henry VI declared his minority at an end and assumed direct control of the English realm. He was only sixteen years old. With this declaration, Gloucester's Regency in England ended. Gloucester and the Council would revert to their traditional role of advising the youthful and impressionable King. Though Gloucester's power and his Councillors had increased immensely with 15 years of autonomy, none would challenge Henry VI's right to rule in his own name. Once he established himself, Henry VI reappointed all of the Councillors to their former positions, provided they swore not to settle significant matters of state without consulting the King first. A stoutly devout man, Henry VI would prove himself ill-equipped for Kingship, incapable of employing the necessarily ruthless political measures required of the late medieval King. He knew not how to successfully consolidate his Royal power, and instead focused on playing one loyal subject off another loyal subject, fostering jealousies between Councillors and nobles, and lavishly rewarding those close to him with the Royal patrimony.

Actions

A. May ye Lordship be Devout and Mercifull

• Stability +1
• Aristocracy -1

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Picardie
  • Own Caux
  • Own Ile de France
  • Own Nivernais
  • Own Dauphiné
  • Own Lyonnais
  • Own Bourgogne
  • Own Berri
  • Own Maine
  • Own Normandie
  • Own Vendée
  • Own Poitou
  • Own Limousin
  • Own Auvergne
  • Own Cévennes
  • Own Languedoc
  • Own Guyenne
  • Own Gascogne

Will happen on April 30, 1439

Description

Having proved himself a great warrior fighting against the Welsh Prince Owen Glendower during the first few turbulent years of Henry IV's reign, Warwick had left his country to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, later travelling throughout much of eastern Europe before returning to England. He had served in the retinue of the future King Henry V, and again during Henry's great campaigns in France. After Henry V's death, the council had charged Warwick with the task of educating the infant King Henry VI. With the Duke of York requesting to be relieved of duty in the late spring of 1437, Henry VI had appointed Warwick to York's position in France. Warwick remained in France for the final two years of his life. Though a brilliant leader, Warwick was well past his prime at the time of his death. Nevertheless, his death precipitated another crisis throughout a countryside which required strong and permanent leadership for stability. Henry VI and his council would have to look towards a more vigorous candidate for a position many of those in the Council coveted for themselves...

Actions

A. Alas great Warwick, may thee rest in gracious peace...

• Stability -1
• Revolt risk value in Picardie +6
• Revolt risk value in Caux +6
• Revolt risk value in Ile de France +6
• Revolt risk value in Nivernais +6
• Revolt risk value in Dauphiné +6
• Revolt risk value in Lyonnais +6
• Revolt risk value in Bourgogne +6
• Revolt risk value in Berri +6
• Revolt risk value in Orléanais +6
• Revolt risk value in Maine +6
• Revolt risk value in Normandie +6
• Revolt risk value in Armor +6
• Revolt risk value in Bretagne +6
• Revolt risk value in Morbihan +6
• Revolt risk value in Vendée +6
• Revolt risk value in Poitou +6
• Revolt risk value in Limousin +6
• Revolt risk value in Auvergne +6
• Revolt risk value in Cévennes +6
• Revolt risk value in Languedoc +6
• Revolt risk value in Guyenne +6
• Revolt risk value in Gascogne +6

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Picardie
  • Own Caux
  • Own Ile de France
  • Own Nivernais
  • Own Dauphiné
  • Own Lyonnais
  • Own Bourgogne
  • Own Berri
  • Own Maine
  • Own Normandie
  • Own Vendée
  • Own Poitou
  • Own Limousin
  • Own Auvergne
  • Own Cévennes
  • Own Languedoc
  • Own Guyenne
  • Own Gascogne

Will happen within 90 days of January 2, 1440
Checked again every 90 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after October 30, 1445)

Description

Frustrated with a lack of proper funding and the constant sense of bickering and deadlock within the King's Council, Richard, Duke of York had requested he be relieved of duty in France late in the Spring of 1437. York had been replaced with Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, a brilliant military commander though already an aged man. It could hardly have been unexpected when, less than two years later, Warwick passed away. His successor had to be sensitive to the conflicting political views held by Gloucester and Cardinal Beaufort's faction in the King's Council. Furthermore, the new lieutenant needed to be of sufficient social status, and of the modest number of possible candidates York was the most promising. The Duke of Gloucester was anxious to secure the post, but the Beauforts and their aspiring affinity successfully resisted his efforts. York had experience, landed resources from which to raise fresh troops, and had shown himself willing to listen to advice. Thus he was once more driven into England's entanglements in France, and named Lieutenant-General of France. The terms of his appointment were similar to his predecessors. He was given the authority to make personal appointments to all offices, including those of constable and chancellor, and to all benefices in France. He could dispose of all lands which might come to the Crown either for life or in tail male, and reserved the right to appoint captains to castles where absentee custodians had failed to make provision. He was granted control over French revenues. During his first term, York had been quick to earn the loyalty and respect of many of Bedford's former supporters in France, and used this appointment to consolidate his power. During his five year term he would manage to stabilize the countryside, despite the decision to reduce the French presence in his large council from a majority to a minority of just two. The mood was such that the French could no longer be trusted. Order would have to be restored from the top down. On the other hand, the move was symptomatic of a pressing issue...the English presence in France was not being viewed as one of liberation or rightful rulership, but of brutal occupation. There were, however, alterior motives behind the appointment as members of the Cardinal's Court faction spread inflated fears that Gloucester and York had allied against the King. With York in France, Gloucester could be isolated and neutralized, and events could soon transpire to tip the balance of Royal sway further in the Beauforts' favour.

Actions

A. York has restored much order in France...

• Stability +1
• +50
• +7000 infantry in a random province
• +3000 cavalry in the same province
• Centralization +1
• Leader York becomes active
• Revolt risk value in Picardie -8
• Revolt risk value in Caux -8
• Revolt risk value in Ile de France -8
• Revolt risk value in Nivernais -8
• Revolt risk value in Dauphiné -8
• Revolt risk value in Lyonnais -8
• Revolt risk value in Bourgogne -8
• Revolt risk value in Berri -8
• Revolt risk value in Orléanais -8
• Revolt risk value in Maine -8
• Revolt risk value in Normandie -8
• Revolt risk value in Armor -8
• Revolt risk value in Bretagne -8
• Revolt risk value in Morbihan -8
• Revolt risk value in Vendée -8
• Revolt risk value in Poitou -8
• Revolt risk value in Limousin -8
• Revolt risk value in Auvergne -8
• Revolt risk value in Cévennes -8
• Revolt risk value in Languedoc -8
• Revolt risk value in Guyenne -8
• Revolt risk value in Gascogne -8

England -- Not random

Will happen on October 22, 1441

Description

The trial of Eleanor Cobham, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester's wife, was primarily the result of Henry VI's suspicion and fear of his uncle. Gloucester, though aged, was an overbearing presence at Court, and as the heir apparent, his opinions could scarcely have been ignored by either the King or his Councillors. Yet through his constant attacks on the Cardinal Beaufort and his nephews, Gloucester had shown himself to be a political enemy of those whom Henry, more often than not, was looking to for support of his aims. To the Beaufort family, the thought of Gloucester succeeding Henry VI was not an alluring one. By 1441, it had been resolved that Gloucester must be eliminated or at the very least curtailed. Thus it came to be that Eleanor Cobham was accused of sorcery. Astrology was practised by many to forecast what the future may hold, but it was still looked upon with mixed feelings, and any practice of the art had to be very discreet. Roger Bolingbloke, a priest who had some connection with Gloucester and Eleanor, was arrested together with other priests on the grounds that they had cast Eleanor's horoscope to forecast whether she would ever become Queen of England. Whether or not this was ever done is not clear. Bolingbloke subsequently found himself placed on a stage, clad in a fantastic garb and surrounded with the tools of his alleged craft. The Bishops of London, Salisbury and Rochester gave a blistering sermon bidding him to turn his back on all sorts of sorcery. Eleanor promptly fled into sanctuary at Westminster Abbey, which was viewed to signify a guilty conscience. The Abbey gave no sanctuary where sorcery was concerned, and she was subsequently brought before an Ecclesiastical Court. The Church had already used torture to extract the evidence it wanted against her from Bolingbloke and the other priests. Eleanor now found herself facing multiple charges, among them treason, heresy and witchcraft, and was committed to confinement to await further examination. The Beauforts now felt it wise to involve others, particularly the temporal Lords. King Henry VI could be prevailed upon to issue a commission charging several prominent members of the Council to examine the matter further. Accordingly John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon, Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Stafford, William de La Pole, Earl of Suffolk, Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, Ralph, Lord Cromwell, John, Lord Fanhope and Robert, Lord Hungerford were charged with the investigative task...

Actions

A. Investigate the matter at once!

• -10

B. Let the matter drop...

• Stability -1
• Event 164235 - Eleanor Cobham's Trial for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Will happen on October 24, 1441

Description

The commission established by Henry VI uncovered a woman known as 'the Witch of Eye'. She had been accused of witchcraft before, but had been released for lack of evidence. She now sold cosmetics, and Eleanor was one of her customers. Eleanor soon found herself with further charges, one of which was that she was an accessory to the treasons alleged against the priest Bolingbloke. Eleanor was further examined by the Bishops of London, Lincoln and Norwich. The examination resulted in further charges alleging an attempt to bring about Henry VI's death by magic. She was said to have made a waxen doll of the King, and to have stuck pins into it designed to produce excruciating pains in the same part of the King's person. She was then supposed to have placed the doll before a hot fire. Its slow melting would have caused the King to die slowly, in excruciating agony. Eleanor, who was prepared to admit that she had bought cosmetics from the Witch, vehemently denied all the other charges against her. The Bishops' task was made no easier by the fact that the King was undoubtedly still alive and in the best of health. Neverthless, the Bishops could rely on the confessions of her co-accused which had been extracted through torture. She was found guilty of all the charges alleged against her and had every expectation of joining the Witch and Bolingbloke at the stake. Despite the grim fate of her accomplices, Henry VI forbade the taking of Eleanor's life. She had served ther purpose, as Gloucester's wife was now associated with witchcraft, a heinous offence. Eleanor was forced to perform a public penance. It was enough that she was to be confined for the rest of her life, first in Chester castle and later in Kenilworth. Henry VI saw to it that she had an ample allowance so that she could live in some degree of comfort. Gloucester was not what he'd once been. He had regarded himself as untouchable, standing as he did so close to the Throne. Now it had been made very clear, and very apparent, that his enemies had found a way to harm him in a manner which he could not easily have foreseen or forestalled. In place of the old recklessness, he now had to be extremely careful, and this was not something that came easily to his nature. The Beauforts had seen to it that he was crushed as a political force. Gloucester was still as popular as ever with the populace, but at Court, men began to drift away from him as the Beauforts were clearly ascendant at Court. King Henry VI may have been pliable, and he still had a great deal of regard for his old uncle. However, if Gloucester filled the King's ear with tales discreditable to the Beauforts, it was only necessary to remind the King that Gloucester's consort had been condemned for sorcery.

Actions

A. Spare Eleanor, but confine her for life

• Stability +1
• Monarch's administrative skill +1 for 96 months
• Monarch's diplomatic skill +1 for 96 months

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Own Gascogne
• At least one of the following must occur:
  • France owns Poitou
  • France owns Guyenne

Will happen within 100 days of January 2, 1442
Checked again every 100 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1442)

Description

In 1442 Rodrigo de Villandrando again had the support of the French King for the depredation of northern Gascony. Later that year he and Charles d'Albret threatened Bazas.

Actions

A. Damn!

• -1 base tax value in Gascogne
• -1000 population in Gascogne
• Gascogne revolts

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 170288 - The Treaty of Troyes - Henry will Inherit the Crown for France has already occurred
• France exists
• Provence exists
• England owns Maine
• None of the following must occur:
  • Event 164180 - English Final Victory for England has already occurred
  • England and France are at war
  • England and Provence are at war

Will happen within 10 days of January 2, 1445
Checked again every 10 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1450)

Description

Henry VI's marriage to Margaret, the daughter of Rene I Duke of Anjou, had cemented the truce of Tours between England and France. Because of Rene's extreme poverty, Margaret brought with her no customary dowry whatsoever. William de la Pole, then Earl of Suffolk, was primarily responsible for the marriage, yet Henry had been sufficiently pleased enough to elevate the Earl to the rank of Marquess. Henry's council was largely headed by Suffolk and backed by the Beauforts, and seemed an indominable group. However, no one seemed prepared for Henry's own venture into foreign politics. The King had promised Charles VII and Rene I the counties of Maine and Anjou and was now pressured to deliver them. Henry VI had dithered to the point that Charles VII now threatening resumption of hostilities. When Henry VI ordered the formal surrender, the governor of Maine could hardly believe it.

Actions

A. Surrender Maine at once

• +50 relations with France
• +100 relations with Provence
• Cede Maine to Provence

B. Renege on our Promise!

• Stability +1
• +1 badboy
• -100 relations with France
• -100 relations with Provence
• Maine revolts
• Start a war with France

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Calais
  • Own Picardie
  • Own Berri
  • Own Maine
  • Own Vendée
  • Own Poitou
  • Own Limousin
  • Own Guyenne
  • Own Gascogne
• None of the following must occur:
  • Own Caux
  • Own Normandie

Will happen within 30 days of September 2, 1445
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1446)

Description

York had received a summons to Parliament. His presence was necessitated by Henry VI's determination for a lasting peace with France. Henry's determination to press ahead with his policy placed York in considerable political difficulty. The policy was unpopular and was actively resisted in France and to some extent in Henry's Council as well. York's own council in France was uncooperative, and his councillors in England were highly critical. While York had been in France, Adam Moleyns, keeper of the Privy Seal and a staunch ally of Edmund Beafourt Marquess of Somerset, had accused York of corruption and general mismanagement to the detriment of England's positions in France. Not long before this York had received the backing of Parliament and public recognition for his services. Nevertheless, charges of mismanagement were obviously unwelcome from any source, and it was especially disconcerting that they had been pressed by a royal councillor so close to Somerset, Suffolk, and the King. Adding to this was York's hostility towards the conciliatory measures Henry was prepared to make in order to secure his peace with France. Thus, when York sought due payment from the exchequer for his services, he found his inquiries deflected. Despite York's understanding that his summons to England was merely a temporary engagement, Henry refused to reappoint him to the command in France. York's inquiries were brushed off with casual assurances that he had not incurred any Royal displeasure. In reality, Henry and his closest councillors, particularly the Beauforts, had begun to view York with as much distrust and suspicion as they did Gloucester. Subsequently, York, the greatest and mightiest of England's nobles was to be patronized, isolated, and circumscribed. It was the beginning of a series of preemptive measures taken to eliminate a potential source of obstruction to Henry's Royal prerogative.

Actions

A. Replace York with Somerset

• Stability +1
• +50 relations with France
• Leader Somerset becomes active
• Event 164237 - The Lieutenancy of France for England will never fire
• Event 164190 - The Loss of France for England will never fire

B. Keep York in France

• Stability -1
• -25
• -50 relations with France
• Leader York becomes active
• Event 164207 - Rouen is lost for England will never fire
• Event 164208 - Normandy is lost for England will never fire
• Event 164209 - Picardy is lost for England will never fire
• Event 164210 - Anjou is lost for England will never fire
• Event 164237 - The Lieutenancy of France for England will never fire
• Event 164058 - The Lieutenancy of Ireland for England will never fire
• Event 164062 - Dartford for England will never fire
• Event 164191 - The Loss of France for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Caux
  • Own Normandie

Will happen within 60 days of September 2, 1445
Checked again every 60 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1446)

Description

York had received a summons to Parliament. His presence was necessitated by Henry VI's determination for a lasting peace with France. Henry's determination to press ahead placed York in considerable political difficulty. The policy was unpopular in France and was actively resisted in France and to some extent in Henry's Council. York's own council in France was uncooperative, and his councillors in England were highly critical. In the meantime, Adam Moleyns, keeper of the privy seal, had accused York of favouritism in the payment of some soldiers, non-payment of others, and general mismanagement to the detriment of England's possessions in France. York would retort with charges of his own against Moleyns. Despite the public recognition York had received for his services in an act of Parliament, charges of mismanagement were obviously unwelcome from any source, and it was especially disconcerting that they had been pressed by a royal councillor so close to Suffolk and therefore, to the King. When York sought due payment from the exchequer for his services he found his inquiries deflected, and within the year, his position was given to Edmund Beaufort Earl of Somerset. Given recent Beaufort enterprises into France, the appointment could scarcely generate much confidence within York's council in France. Many assumed that Somerset had been appointed to further a peace policy. Compounding York's problem was the fact that he had taken part in council discussions in England regarding the prospect of surrendering certain English holdings in France, to which he had demonstrated an outright hostility. York was not prepared to support any such conciliatory concession to France. He was equally as unimpressed with several favourable financial settlements confirmed by Henry upon the Beauforts, especially when York's own financial capabilities were being stifled by the lack of payments owed to him. Alternatively, Henry VI could have rewarded York with the Duchy of Normandy. York was after all, England's premier Duke, and he had sacrificed much for Henry's realm. Moreover, slighting York may not be the most wisest of actions in the long run. Of course any act alienating prized Crown possessions of England to those outside of the King's closest advisors would have be met with resistance from Beaufort's and Suffolk's affinity. But then again, these men coveted such lucrative positions for themselves...

Actions

A. Replace York with Somerset!

• Stability +1
• +50 relations with France
• Leader Somerset becomes active
• Event 164236 - The Lieutenancy of France for England will never fire
• Event 164190 - The Loss of France for England will never fire

B. Keep York in France

• Stability -1
• -25
• -50 relations with France
• Leader York becomes active
• Event 164207 - Rouen is lost for England will never fire
• Event 164208 - Normandy is lost for England will never fire
• Event 164209 - Picardy is lost for England will never fire
• Event 164210 - Anjou is lost for England will never fire
• Event 164062 - Dartford for England will never fire
• Event 164236 - The Lieutenancy of France for England will never fire
• Event 164191 - The Loss of France for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• France exists
• Provence exists
• England owns Maine
• England controls Maine
• None of the following must occur:
  • Event 164180 - English Final Victory for England has already occurred
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and France are at war
  • England and Provence are at war

Will happen within 60 days of January 2, 1445
Checked again every 60 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1450)

Description

William de la Pole Earl of Suffolk had been sent to France with the task to bring back a bride for Henry VI. The negotiations had finally settled on Rene I Duke of Anjou's daughter, Margaret. The marriage arrangement cemented a period of truce between England and France, and for this Suffolk elevated to the rank of Marquess. However, Henry had corresponded with King Charles VII and Rene. He had promised Charles to return to Rene the county of Maine. To this end, Suffolk was compliant, and the Queen pushed every chance she had to lobby for her father's sake. Nevertheless, Henry delayed relinquishing the county, however, and Charles's patience was wearing thin. Henry found it difficult to simply give away lands his father, uncle, and his own commanders had fought so hard to retain. Henry's own uncle, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, had campaigned in that region and would certainly be enraged if an entire county had been ceded without a fight. Extraordinarily, Margaret had arrived with no dowry, and indeed it would appear that Henry was now going to pay a dowry to the Duke of Anjou instead...

Actions

A. Delay relinquishing control of Maine

• Stability +1
• Aristocracy +1
• +200 relations with France
• +200 relations with Provence
• Gain a royal marriage with Provence

B. Honor the marriage agreement immediately

• Stability -1
• Aristocracy +1
• Global revolt risk +4 for 8 months
• +400 relations with France
• +400 relations with Provence
• Cede Maine to Provence
• Event 20050 - Surienne's Disobedience for England will never fire
• Event 20051 - Surienne's Disobedience for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• France exists
• England owns Maine
• England controls Maine
• None of the following must occur:
  • Event 164180 - English Final Victory for England has already occurred
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and France are at war
  • Provence exists

Will happen within 60 days of January 2, 1445
Checked again every 60 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1450)

Description

William de la Pole Earl of Suffolk had been sent to France with the task to bring back a bride for Henry VI. The negotiations had finally settled on Rene I Duke of Anjou's daughter, Margaret. The marriage arrangement cemented a period of truce between England and France, and for this Suffolk elevated to the rank of Marquess. However, Henry had corresponded with King Charles VII and Rene. He had promised Charles to return to Rene the county of Maine. To this end, Suffolk was compliant, and the Queen pushed every chance she had to lobby for her father's sake. Nevertheless, Henry delayed relinquishing the county, however, and Charles's patience was wearing thin. Henry found it difficult to simply give away lands his father, uncle, and his own commanders had fought so hard to retain. Henry's own uncle, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, had campaigned in that region and would certainly be enraged if an entire county had been ceded without a fight. Extraordinarily, Margaret had arrived with no dowry, and indeed it would appear that Henry was now going to pay a dowry to the Duke of Anjou instead...

Actions

A. Delay relinquishing control of Maine

• Stability +1
• Aristocracy +1
• +200 relations with France
• Gain a royal marriage with France

B. Honor the marriage agreement immediately

• Stability -1
• Aristocracy +1
• Global revolt risk +4 for 8 months
• +400 relations with France
• Cede Maine to France
• Event 20050 - Surienne's Disobedience for England will never fire
• Event 20051 - Surienne's Disobedience for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 20049 - The Truce at Tours for England has already occurred
• Provence exists

Will happen within 120 days of January 2, 1447
Checked again every 120 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1450)

Description

Henry had promised King Charles VII and Rene I Duke of Anjou the county of Maine, and it was time to for Charles to collect. Henry had delayed relinquishing control of Maine to Charles for several years, and Charles had grown impatient. He was now threatening to take Maine by force and was mobilizing his armies to do so. Henry was in no position to put up a fight, and so he eventually ordered the governor of Maine to surrender the county to Charles's forces. However, the Governor refused to do so, and suspected that the orders were fraudulent. It seemed incredible that his King would simply hand over an entire county to the French. Thus, Charles marched on Le Mans, and although the governor held out for some time, no reinforcements were sent and so he surrendered the fortress to the French.

Actions

A. Order Maine's surrender and avoid war!

• Stability -1
• Global revolt risk +2 for 4 months
• +50 relations with France
• +50 relations with Provence
• Cede Maine to Provence
• Event 20051 - Surienne's Disobedience for England will never fire

B. Dishonour the Marriage Agreement

• -200 relations with France
• -200 relations with Provence
• Event 20051 - Surienne's Disobedience for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 20049 - The Truce at Tours for England has already occurred
• None of the following must occur:
  • Provence exists

Will happen within 120 days of January 2, 1447
Checked again every 120 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1450)

Description

Henry had promised King Charles VII and Rene I Duke of Anjou the county of Maine, and it was time to for Charles to collect. Henry had delayed relinquishing control of Maine to Charles for several years, and Charles had grown impatient. He was now threatening to take Maine by force and was mobilizing his armies to do so. Henry was in no position to put up a fight, and so he eventually ordered the governor of Maine to surrender the county to Charles's forces. However, the Governor refused to do so, and suspected that the orders were fraudulent. It seemed incredible that his King would simply hand over an entire county to the French. Thus, Charles marched on Le Mans, and although the governor held out for some time, no reinforcements were sent and so he surrendered the fortress to the French.

Actions

A. Order Maine's surrender and avoid war!

• Stability -1
• Global revolt risk +2 for 4 months
• +50 relations with France
• Cede Maine to France
• Event 20050 - Surienne's Disobedience for England will never fire

B. Dishonour the Marriage Agreement

• -200 relations with France
• Event 20050 - Surienne's Disobedience for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Will happen on February 24, 1447

Description

William de La Pole, Marquis of Suffolk and his allies, the Beauforts, were now the rising power in England. They regarded Gloucester, still heir presumptive to the Throne, as an enemy because he opposed their regime. Suffolk and his adjuvents could count on Queen Margaret, who regarded Suffolk and the Beauforts as supporters, and shared their dislike and distrust for Gloucester. Queen Margaret had little difficulty in persuading the King that Gloucester should be impeached, and Suffolk prepared Articles of Impeachment for Parliament to consider. Writs were issued bidding Parliament to meet at Cambridge for the primary purpose of considering the Articles of Impeachment. It was clear to Suffolk, however, that Gloucester's demise was necessary. A rumour quickly circulated that Gloucester was about to rise in revolt. In this respect, Gloucester played into his enemies hands by raising a small retinue of horsemen. On his way to Parliament, he was arrested without warning. However, Gloucester's immense popularity with the Commons, and Henry's knack for forgiving his subjects, gave Gloucester a good chance of simply enduring a light reprimand. Suffolk understood this all-too well...Gloucester died in confinement within days of his arrest. Meanwhile, Parliament had been moved to an region where Suffolk's supporters were most prominent. And so a Parliament packed with members from Suffolk's own estates had Gloucester attainted. Gloucester's heirs were executed and his lineage was no more. It was impossible to quell the rumours about Gloucester's death, and many assumed Suffolk orchestrated the whole debacle.

Actions

A. Well then...one less thorn in the side

• Stability +1
• Centralization +1
• Aristocracy -1
• Monarch's administrative skill +1 for 30 months
• Global revolt risk +2 for 12 months

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Connaught is a vassal of England
  • Leinster is a vassal of England
  • Desmond is a vassal of England
  • Ulster is a vassal of England
  • Own Connaught
  • Own Ulster
  • Own Meath
  • Own Munster
  • Own Leinster

Will happen within 200 days of September 2, 1447
Checked again every 200 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1449)

Description

Henry II had been the first English King to invade Ireland. The resulting Treaty of Windsor had established Henry II as Overlord of the island. Subsequently, a small but steady influx of English 'conquerors' carved out an area of land along Ireland's shoreline which would would later be called 'the Pale'. King John I was granted the Lordship when he was a boy, beginning a traditition that continued for centuries. Although John invaded Ireland and improved the administration and infrustructure of his English possessions, there was little he could do about the assimilation of English settlers into Irish culture. Moreover, his reforms had aggravated both the Irish and the Anglo-Irish. The scenario was not helped during Edward I's reign, as his warmongering had drained the Irish purse. Subsequently, during Edward II's reign, the Crown was forced to cancel the withdrawal of Irish funds for English expediture. Furthermore, the Scottish King Robert I's brother, Edward, invaded Ireland and proceeded to pillage the English lands there. Roger Mortimer, a wealthy English magnate with lands in the Welsh marches, was sent to Ireland as Edward II's response. Mortimer reconquered the English lands on the island, crushing Edward Bruce in the battle at Faughart in Ulster. Mortimer took Edward's lands and created Earldom of Ulster. By this time, however, Ireland was bankrupt and facing widespread famine. The various Irish Lordships possessed by English nobles were held by men who lived in England, and who rarely, if ever, visited their estates in Ireland. Attempts were made in 1297 and 1388 to coerce these absentee landlords into moving to Ireland permanently, through penalty and fine for those who would not. However, this merely served to convince many to sell their estates to Irish Kings, resulting in a further deterioration of English authority in Ireland. During Edward III's reign, his son, Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence invaded Ireland, but the sheer minority of English settlers all but rendered his efforts useless. Clarence recognized that the assimilation of English migrants into the Irish culture was undermining the Crown's authority, and so he issued the infamous Statutes of Kilkenny. The Statute was designed to segregate Englishmen from Irishmen with respect to law, language and custom. In practice, the Statutes were uninforcible and so they were widely ignored. The King's Justiciar remained largely powerless once the Royals left for England. The pattern of invasion and retreat repeated itself as Richard II and Henry IV both subscribed to a traditionally limited role in Ireland. When Henry VI issud a Royal patent creating York lieutenant of Ireland, he understood that York would be well-received there. Although the assignment was a blatant attempt to politically isolate him, York's efforts in Ireland would prove to be effective. Once York established himself in Meath, he received the submission of forty-two Irish leaders, and restored a fair degree of stability.

Actions

A. Secure York's indenture, name him King's Lieutenant of Ireland

• -25
• Global revolt risk +2 for 36 months
• +1 base tax value in Connaught
• +1 base tax value in Ulster
• +1 base tax value in Meath
• +1 base tax value in Leinster
• +1 base tax value in Munster
• +50 relations with Connaught
• +50 relations with Leinster
• +50 relations with Desmond
• +50 relations with Ulster

B. Let him stew on his own estates

• Stability -1
• Global revolt risk +1 for 60 months
• Event 164070 - The Drogheda Parliament for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 170288 - The Treaty of Troyes - Henry will Inherit the Crown for France has already occurred
• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Caux
  • Own Berri
  • Own Maine
  • Own Normandie
  • Own Vendée
  • Own Poitou
  • Own Limousin
  • Own Guyenne
  • Own Gascogne
• None of the following must occur:
  • Event 164180 - English Final Victory for England has already occurred
  • England and France are at war

Will happen within 20 days of January 2, 1449
Checked again every 20 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1453)

Description

The seizure of Fougeres by the English precipitated an invasion by Charles VII that expelled the English from the vast majority of France. The events at Fourges are shrouded in controversy. However, it is known that Francois de Surienne, an aragonese mercenary who had risen to become a Knight of the Garter as well as one of Edmund Beaufort's senior commander's in France, had led the army that had sacked Fougeres. Thus it was relatively simple for Charles VII to make the connection between the two, despite Somerset's denial of prior knowledge. Moreover, with the Duke of Brittany having sought Charles VII's aid, the French King was anxious to press and exercise his perceived rights of feudal lordship over Brittany, even in their more subtle forms.

Actions

A. We've Given Charles VII pretext for war!

• -50 relations with Brittany
• -50 relations with France

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 164188 - Weakening of the English Positions in France for England has already occurred
  • Event 361028 - The Consecration of Charles VII for Dauphiné has already occurred
• None of the following must occur:
  • Centralization is at 9 or higher
  • Aristocracy is at 9 or higher

Will happen within 60 days of November 2, 1449
Checked again every 60 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1450)

Description

Parliament had been prematurely dissolved by Henry earlier in the year due to the Commons' determination to impose an Act of Resumption on the King and their unwillingness to grant Henry further taxation without it. By this time, public hostility and opposition to Henry's regime was high and there were several uprisings which had to be put down. In a subsequent Parliament, the Commons adopted the procedure of impeachment and used it against Henry's corrupt Chief Councillor William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, challenging the whole policy of the King's government. Henry himself openly favoured the accused, who made an emotional appeal to his King. Despite the Commons' desire for indictment and due process of impeachment and with rioting and unrest plaguing Suffolk's trial, Henry interfered and sentenced his minister to a temporary exile, without any formal verdict of guilt or innocence. In so doing, Henry had flagrantly excercised the royal prerogative in defiance of the Parliamentary proceedings and the justice the realm sought. Nevertheless, the harsh punishment Parliament had failed to obtain was to be provided by the commonality. Suffolk, on his way to exile, was beheaded by an Irishman with six strokes of a rusty sword. Although Suffolk was dead, the Commons would not forget Henry's attempt to save him, no more than they would retreat from the battle for Resumption. The King, far from submitting, resisted the Parliament's efforts until it was eventually agreed that Henry would reserve the right to exempt those whom he alone felt deserved such status. The Acts of Resumption were to be applicable to all of Henry's grants from the moment he assumed the throne on his father's death. Needless to say, many of Henry's Lancastrian supporters would find themsleves quite content. Some would even manage to gain from the act.

Actions

A. Proclaim Suffolk neither guilty nor innocent, exile him, and resist Resumption

• Stability -1
• A random province revolts
• Global revolt risk +2 for 36 months
• Event 164060 - Henry Resumes Crown Lands for England will never fire

B. Proceed with Suffolk's Impeachment and agree to Resumption

• Stability -2
• Centralization -1
• Aristocracy -1
• Global revolt risk +5 for 60 months
• A random province revolts
• Centralization -1
• Aristocracy -1

C. Proclaim Suffolk Innocent and refuse Resumption

• Centralization +1
• Aristocracy +1
• Global revolt risk +3 for 48 months
• The capital province revolts
• The capital province revolts
• A random province revolts
• Event 164060 - Henry Resumes Crown Lands for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 164059 - Suffolk's Impeachment for England has already occurred

Will happen within 20 days of November 2, 1449
Checked again every 20 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after February 11, 1453)

Description

Having agreed to Resumption in the previous session of Parliament, it was now time for Henry to act. For a King who depended so heavily on the support of his nobles this was not going to be an easy measure. Disputes over several large and lucrative inheritances had fractured many of England's nobles into two factions that, if left unchecked, could embroil the realm with civil unrest and perhaps even civil war. As sovereign, Henry had final jurisdiction over whose lands would be resumed and whose would be spared. However, Henry had always been a weak King and so he fell easy prey to the ambitions and machinations of those in his own Court. Thus, Henry favoured his Lancastrian supporters and essentially punished their rival Yorkist faction.

Actions

A. Favour Lancastrians

• Stability -1
• +100
• A random province revolts
• A random province revolts
• +1 base tax value in Yorkshire
• +1 base tax value in Lincoln
• +1 base tax value in Bristol
• +1 base tax value in Anglia
• +1 base tax value in Kent
• +1 base tax value in Wessex
• Global revolt risk +3 for 36 months

B. Favour Yorkists

• Stability -2
• +50
• A random province revolts
• +1 base tax value in Northumberland
• +1 base tax value in Lancashire
• +1 base tax value in Wales
• +1 base tax value in Midlands
• +1 base tax value in Cornwall
• Global revolt risk +2 for 48 months
• Event 164061 - Cade's Rebellion for England will never fire
• Event 164062 - Dartford for England will never fire
• Event 164063 - The Reading Parliament for England will never fire
• Event 164065 - St. Albans for England will never fire
• Event 164066 - The Second Protectorate for England will never fire
• Event 164067 - York's Resignation and the Queen's Coup for England will never fire

C. Favour neither Lancastrians nor Yorkists

• Stability -2
• +150
• A random province revolts
• A random province revolts
• +1 base tax value in a random province
• +1 base tax value in a random province
• +1 base tax value in a random province
• +1 base tax value in a random province
• +1 base tax value in a random province
• +1 base tax value in a random province
• +1 base tax value in a random province
• Global revolt risk +2 for 60 months
• Event 164061 - Cade's Rebellion for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 164188 - Weakening of the English Positions in France for England has already occurred
  • Event 361028 - The Consecration of Charles VII for Dauphiné has already occurred
• None of the following must occur:
  • Own Caux
  • Own Normandie

Will happen within 30 days of November 2, 1449
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after February 11, 1453)

Description

Adam Moleyns, keeper of the Privy Seal, was murdered early in the by soldiers awaiting transportation to France. He had attacked York's credibility not so long before, and Cuthbert Colville, an esquire in York's service in Normandy, had been party to the deed. In a seperate incident, William Aiscough, Bishop of Salisbury, was torn to pieces by his own parishioners. He'd been dragged from the church, where he had been saying Mass, to the top of a nearby hill and savagely slaughtered. It was widely held that both were covetous men, much hated by the common people, and were said to have promoted Gloucester's death. With these acts of mob violence in the backdrop, a formidable pro-Yorkist movement of Kentishmen revolted against Henry VI's government. The rebels were led by Jack Cade, a former soldier who claimed to be of Mortimer descent. The significance of the claim was twofold. First, Richard II had named Mortimer heir presumptive before his deposition and subsequent murder at the beheast of the Lancastrian usurper, Henry Bolingbloke, Henry VI's grandfather. Moreover, in accordance with England's laws of succession, Mortimer had been the legitimate heir. Second, the Duke of York was a descendent and the sole surviving heir to both the vast Mortimer Marcher lands in Wales, as well as their claim to the throne through Richard II's uncle, Lionel, Duke of Clarence. The majority of the participants of Cade's rebellion were yeomen, husbandmen, craftsmen, and small landowners from Kent, who objected to forced labour, corrupt courts, the arbitrary seizure of land by nobles, the loss of royal lands in France, and heavy taxation. The rebels defeated a small government force sent to disperse them, and then entered London where they were welcomed by those in the city who sympathized with many of Cade's aims. The rebels stormed the Tower of London, and despite failing to take the fortress, executed King Henry's treasurer, Lord Saye. The aims of the rebels were political, and a draft of their Proclamation of Grievances was heavily circulated throughout England before the rebels took to arms. The Proclamation had called for the return of the Duke of York to administrative capacity in the affairs of England, among other things, and an end to the poor governance of Suffolk and his hated affinity.

Actions

A. Traitorous rebel pigs!

• Stability -1
• Kent revolts
• Kent revolts
• A random province revolts
• Global revolt risk +3 for 24 months

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 164058 - The Lieutenancy of Ireland for England has already occurred
  • Event 164059 - Suffolk's Impeachment for England has already occurred
  • Event 164061 - Cade's Rebellion for England has already occurred
• None of the following must occur:
  • Own Caux
  • Own Normandie

Will happen within 60 days of November 2, 1449
Checked again every 60 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after February 16, 1453)

Description

The Duke of York was widely thought to have played an instrumental role in the uprisings and general dissidence of the past few years. York's advisors and councillors were accused of indirect, if not direct, participation. The primary focus of Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, fell on William Oldhall - York's Chamberlain. Somerset had ordered Oldhall's arrest. Oldhall had responded by fleeing to St. Martins for sanctuary where he was subsequently taken by force at the behest of Somerset. the King's pious conscience must have played a part in his release several days after. Meanwhile, York had maintained his innocence, and was by now alarmed by the pressures placed on his Chamberlain. Believing it to be a matter of his own survival and that of England's, he decided to march on the King and have the Duke of Somerset removed from office and placed under arrest. Through his repeated professions of loyalty to King Henry, York declared his actions to be in no way directed against the King. A manifesto was circulated to most of the towns of southern England, and within days several copies had been forwarded to the King. Henry bade his realm to ignore the pamphlets and to obey only royal proclamations. Nevertheless, the political situation deteriorated further. York prepared to move in all haste. He gathered his tenants and retainers from estates spread across southern England and marched to London. Henry, unlike York, enjoyed the support of some sixteen lords with him including the Dukes of Buckingham, Norfolk, and Exeter, and made his way to Barnet. Throughout the various communicative efforts that followed, York maintained his loyalty, stressing that his targets were traitors within Henry's government. Outnumbered, York decided to make for a sympathetic Kent, where he hoped to add to the ranks of his retinue. However, Henry countered and arrived in Kent the day after York, leaving the Duke no time to recruit. Importantly, Henry was now accompanied by the Earls of Salisbury, and Warwick, and the Duke of Somerset, and their respective contigents. York and Henry's forces finally met at Dartford, where York held the field with insufficient forces to coerce the issue. And so, it was at Dartford that York, accompanied by the Earl of Devon, and Cobham, after some negotiations, presented articles of indictment against the Duke of Somerset, kneeling before the King to do so...

Actions

A. Accept York's articles and establish an arbitration panel

• Stability -1
• Global revolt risk +2 for 24 months

B. Arrest York and commit him to the Tower at once!

• Stability -2
• A random province revolts
• A random province revolts
• Global revolt risk +4 for 12 months

C. Sieze Somerset instead!

• Stability -2
• A random province revolts
• Global revolt risk +1 for 36 months
• Event 164063 - The Reading Parliament for England will never fire
• Event 164065 - St. Albans for England will never fire
• Event 164066 - The Second Protectorate for England will never fire
• Event 164067 - York's Resignation and the Queen's Coup for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Will happen within 60 days of November 2, 1449
Checked again every 60 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after February 21, 1453)

Description

Following Dartford, a panel of arbitrators were created to settle the dispute between York and Somerset. In the meantime, York was made to recite publicly a humiliating oath of loyalty to King Henry at St Pauls. The articles presented by York were aimed against Somerset and were designed to show that the political unrest in England was primarily the result of the King's failure to punish those who had lost France. It was undoubtedly a difficult case to promote, and the articles submitted did not establish the causal connection fully or convincingly. Charges that Somerset had put up an inadequate resistance in France, reduced garrisons, and failed to pay soldiers' wages could be explained by a chronic shortage of exchequer funds. York's strongest points, and those which carried the most substance, lay in Somerset's surrendering of fortresses not then beseiged, and an allegation that Somerset had kept 72,000 francs, which were given to him to pass on as compensation to those who lost rights and property in France. Regardless, to be obliged to take an oath was humilating enough, and for the Duke of York, there was little chance of saving face. Moreover, the panel of arbitrators was to be appointed by Henry and were thus weighted in favour of Somerset. The Crown was not without its share of legal indictments. While most of the Yorkists supporters at Dartford were pardoned, many were put on show trials to demonstrate the majesty of the King, the political pre-eminence of the Duke of Somerset, and the political feebleness of the Duke of York who was powerless to save those on whom he depended. Well over two thousand pardons were granted, as such was the scope of the Yorkist support and of the civil unrest in England. Not everyone escaped such light terms. Many of the gentry found themsleves stripped of their landed possessions, and ultimately attainted in a series of Parliamentary sessions culminating in the infamous Reading Paliament. In the meantime, despite the strong showing of support from the nobles at Dartford, trouble continued for the Lancastrian regime for the remainder of the year, as rebellions broke out in many shires and treasonous conspiracies were discovered in Yorkshire and Suffolk. Despite these instances of discontent, it was clear that the house of Lancaster had received the loyal support of the English nobility at Dartford in a sheer display of strength. York, fortunate to escape any formal charges of treason, was to be confined to his estates indefinately.

Actions

A. Favour Lancastrians

• Stability -1
• +100
• A random province revolts
• A random province revolts
• Global revolt risk +3 for 36 months

B. Favour Yorkists

• Stability -1
• +50
• A random province revolts
• Global revolt risk +2 for 48 months
• Event 164065 - St. Albans for England will never fire
• Event 164066 - The Second Protectorate for England will never fire
• Event 164067 - York's Resignation and the Queen's Coup for England will never fire

C. Favour neither Lancastrians nor Yorkists

• Stability -2
• +150
• A random province revolts
• A random province revolts
• Global revolt risk +2 for 60 months

England -- Not random

Will happen within 10 days of August 2, 1453
Checked again every 10 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1454)

Description

King Henry, who was proposing to embark on a campaign of law enforcement in the provinces, had fallen ill and in this episode rendered catatonic. Somerset and his adjuvents did their best to conceal Henry's condition from the public. Nevertheless, as time progressed, the council could no longer hide Henry's absence and it soon became clear to all that his recovery could not be predicted. Thus, a Great Council was summoned late in October to which Somerset attempted to exclude York. However, the Earl of Salisbury and his son the Earl of Warwick intervened, and sent for York with instructions alluding to the fact that York was to be allowed to press a charge of treason against Somerset, who had for too long enjoyed Henry and Margaret's favour, to the general detriment of the Kingdom and to York. To remedy the current crisis, a series of Parliaments and Council meetings began in November and continued on through April of 1454. Initially, there were at least forty-six peers in London, and they jointly agreed to suppress lawlessness and not sustain each other in any lawless act. With the support of Norfolk, York had Somerset arrested and confined to the Tower of London. However, attempts to resolve issues of executive authority were delayed, mainly by Cardinal Kemp, Henry's Chancellor, who desperately hoped Henry would recover. Matters were further complicated when the Queen submitted a bill of articles, demanding the powers of a Regency, together with sufficient livelihood for herself, Henry, and their newborn son, Edward. The Queen wished to create a household government exercising the role of military Protector of the King and Prince, with sufficient income to sustain its authority and royal power to be exercised by Margaret herself. Fortunately for the Yorkists, Kemp passed away while Council and Parliament continued to mull over the Queen's proposal. On the following day, the Lords sought a sign of recovery from the King, and finding none, moved to establish York as Protector of the Realm. York was not without further difficulties, especially in the north, where Neville hostility towards the Percies found violent outlets. The youthful Duke of Exeter's bid for York's position would further distract the proceedings. Nevertheless, York would manage to secure a degree of stability throughout the realm and would make his first moves to reaffirm the base of support for his regime, however temporary it would be. Thus many Yorkists were ushered into England's government, including the Earl of Warwick's father, Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury, who became Chancellor.

Actions

A. York is Protector of the Realm!

• Stability +2
• A random province revolts
• Monarch's administrative skill +3 for 12 months
• Monarch's military skill +3 for 12 months
• Monarch's diplomatic skill +3 for 12 months
• Global revolt risk +1 for 12 months

B. Grant the Queen a Regency instead

• Stability -1
• Monarch's administrative skill +2 for 12 months
• Monarch's military skill +1 for 12 months
• Monarch's diplomatic skill +2 for 12 months
• A random province revolts
• A random province revolts
• Global revolt risk +3 for 24 months
• Event 164066 - The Second Protectorate for England will never fire
• Event 164067 - York's Resignation and the Queen's Coup for England will never fire

C. Grant Exeter the Protectorate

• Monarch's administrative skill +1 for 12 months
• Monarch's military skill +2 for 12 months
• Monarch's diplomatic skill +1 for 12 months
• A random province revolts
• The same province revolts
• Global revolt risk +2 for 12 months
• Event 164066 - The Second Protectorate for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 164064 - King Henry's Illness for England has already occurred

Will happen within 30 days of May 23, 1455
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1455)

Description

Just as suddenly as Henry had suffered his mental breakdown, he became well again. During his episode, the Queen had given birth to a boy, whom they had named Edward. The birth of a son strengthened the Lancastrian dynasty, but it hardly improved the immediate prospects for the realm, or for the Duke of York. York was natrurally displaced as heir presumptive to the throne. With King Henry's recovery, the Lancastrians sized the opportunity to isolate the Yorkists. Warwick, Salisbury and Devon, known Yorksits sympathizers fell to disfavour while the Lancastrians further profited at Yorkists expense. Fearing Henry's possible relapse, Somerset moved to settle the form of government to take place in such an event, and to this end, the summons of a Great Council to Leicester would be essential to give authority and dissemination to any proposed settlement. York had to prevent the Great Council from taking place. The duke of York retired north and, together with his Neville allies, no less alarmed than he, and raised forces. Upon learning of York's actions, Henry sent a deputation to York, but the emissaries were simply detained. Whether because of their failure to return, or some other military intelligence, Somerset woke up to the scale of York's military preperations and, accordingly, sent out summons far and wide. Within days, Henry and his loyal followers set out for Leicester. The Yorkists, however, intercepted the King's army en route, just north of London, near a town called St. Albans. Learning of York's location, Henry decided to relieve Somerset of his command, and appoint Buckingham in his stead. Follwing Buckingham's advice, they sought to negotate. The move for change in leadership was likely motivated by Henry's strong desire to avoid conflict, as Buckingham was related to York and was certainly a much more personable candidate. For Somerset this was a most unwelcome dvelopment, as negotiations could only concern his own fate. Henry and Buckingham's confidence in their strategy was boosted when the royal party were able to enter St. Albans unmolested, despite the town's potential for defence, the Yorkists having arrived earlier in the morning. The Dukes of York and Buckingham entered into serious negotiations immediately. However, both magnates were hampered by other issues. Somerset and Norfolk were deliberately provacative. York, on the other hand, was reserved and confined his request to the points at issue between himself and Somerset. York's insistence on the charges against Somerset put Buckingham in an impossible position, however, for as full as Buckingham's powers were, he could not concede what the King had already denied. Regardless, Somerset could scarcely be expected to co-operate. Warwick grasped the point and opened the fighting while the last embers of negotiation still flickered. Once the fighting had started there was no turning back. The King's banner was displayed, marking York and his supporters traitors, defeat now meant death and forfeiture. At some point during the battle, Warwick took a small contigent of archers and men-at-arms and flanked the Lancastrian forces. They entered the town through a gap in the Lancastrian defence and surprised the King's household retainers. In the ensuing struggle, Somerset was cut down with a pole-axe as were Lord Clifford and Northumberland. Henry and Buckingham were wounded and withdraw. The Yorkists found themselves the victors, located the helpless King, and subsequently proffessed their loyalty to Henry.

Actions

A. The Yorkists prevail!

• Stability -3
• Global revolt risk +2 for 12 months

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 164065 - St. Albans for England has already occurred

Will happen within 20 days of September 2, 1455
Checked again every 20 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1456)

Description

At St. Albans York had fought to be rid of Somerset. Arguably, he had to, as Somerset sought his political demise. Since the first seeds of jealousy were sown in 1440 at York's appointment to the French lieutenancy, English politics had swung increasingly uncontrollably from the one interest group to the other. Somerset was not a great duke, and without Henry he could have been brushed aside by York. However, the King was insufficiently ruthless to completely sever his ties to Somerset, as Ministers who loyally discharged Henry's policies were loyally supported in return. The throne was not imperilled at St Albans. Immediately after the battle, Henry could have readily been killed behind closed doors with no witnesses to survive. Neverthless, the royal standard had been abandoned during the engagement and Henry and his Kingdom were in York's hands. In the months that ensued, instability had reigned, and so when parliament and Council met, it was largely concerned with restoring a degree of authority throughout the realm. Order was gradually restored within the realm, and a return of a favourable House of Commons brought the plums of victory to the Yorkists, though York took little reward for himself. The lords, however, made no progress in settling their various quarrels. For those who had been at St Albans there was an urgent need for a full, authorative, and final exoneration, such that they would be actionable in neither the criminal not the civil courts. The act which resulted was structured around the declarations of loyalty made before the battle itself. In casting Somerset as the traitor and the King as misinformed, St Albans became a loyal action, and by repeating, and enrolling, the letters written before the battle, York was, in effect, making a profuse declaration of loyalty to the house of Lancaster. Whatever the truth of his loyalties at St Albans, at Parliament he was the loyal subject of the rightful King, and this loyalty he publicly affirmed by an act of personal homage before Henry, and was followed in this by every other peer present. These apparent conciliatory actions brought some immediate assurance of York's loyalty, but it did nothing to dispose of the other legacy of St Albans, the internecine rivarly of the great families. It was simply beyond the power of the Upper House to heal their divisions. The need for the protectorate was soon pressed by the Commons and York was the unanimous choice. The opposition was either dead, or browbeaten into submission...

Actions

A. Yorkists now dominate our government

• Stability +2
• Monarch's administrative skill +4 for 3 months
• Monarch's military skill +4 for 3 months
• Monarch's diplomatic skill +4 for 3 months
• Revolt risk value in Northumberland +2
• Revolt risk value in Lancashire +2
• Revolt risk value in Wales +2
• Revolt risk value in Midlands +2
• Revolt risk value in Cornwall +2

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 164066 - The Second Protectorate for England has already occurred

Will happen within 20 days of March 2, 1456
Checked again every 20 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1457)

Description

The terms of York's protectorate were similar to those imposed a few years earlier, however, Henry's deteriorated physical condition had warranted the introduction of an additional clause. Although York was to excercice authority with conciliar authority, he was only to be dismissed upon consent of the Lords themselves, in parliament. The duration of first Protectorate had been at the disgression of an enfeebled, catatonic monarch. Currently, Henry was not considered ill, and the need was to allow the lords to determine when the circumstances had arisen which would terminate the need for York's services. In typical medievil fashion they gave one definition of these, the majority of the prince of Wales, but the lords in Parliament were not anticipating so long a period. York had done well during his Protectorate, however, during the second parliamentary session, the Commons had pressed once again for resumption. York, with such a favourable Lower House, lent his support for such an act which did not take well to the lords. York had thus found himself in a precarious position, as his dismissal was subject to the discretion of the lords. With dissension at court and in parliament, and facing an increasingly hostile nobility, York resigned and soon retreated to his estates in Yorkshire. The lords once again supported Henry, if only to defend their lands from resumption. The realm meanwhile, would be racked with a series of revolts and skirmishes between feuding nobles. The government was itself going through a process of upheaval. The Queen had already determined to establish herself, together with the prince and their respective households, in the west Midlands, and Henry soon joined them. For the next four years England was to be governed from Coventry, but with the routine bureaucratic functions still discharged in Westminster. It was during this turbulent period that the Queen held a council meeting, and, taking the reins of Henry's household, staged a coup. She dismissed the Yorkist installed Chancellor, Treasurer and Privy Seal, and replaced them with Lancastrian counterparts. The Yorkists were now isolated, and thus joined York in the north. The Lancastrians could now safely seek their vengeance, and would make several unsuccessful attempts on the lives of Salisbury, York, and Warwick.

Actions

A. The King withdraws to Coventry

• Lose 4000 troops in a random province
• Lose 4000 troops in a random province
• Revolt risk value in Northumberland -2
• Revolt risk value in Lancashire -2
• Revolt risk value in Wales -2
• Revolt risk value in Midlands -2
• Revolt risk value in Cornwall -2
• Revolt risk value in Yorkshire +2
• Revolt risk value in Lincoln +2
• Revolt risk value in Bristol +2
• Revolt risk value in Anglia +2
• Revolt risk value in Kent +2
• Revolt risk value in Wessex +2

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 164067 - York's Resignation and the Queen's Coup for England has already occurred

Will happen within 20 days of January 2, 1458
Checked again every 20 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 2, 1459)

Description

Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England, was by now in full control of Henry VI's Council. She summoned a Great Council to Leicester. The Yorkist Lords were not invited. During the Council, it was agreed that the Queen would call a parliament to Coventry wherun she would present articles of indictement against York and his adjuvents for acts of treason. During the Council, however, the Queen refused to reveal the contents of the indictment. The Yorkists learned of the proceedings at Leicester, and so York, Salisbury, and Warwick hastily gathered their forces. There was little the Yorkists could do other than confront the King and his corrupt Council before parliament could take place. The alternative was attainder and thus forfeiture of their lives and livlihoods...

Actions

A. Yorkists mobilize

• Revolt risk value in Yorkshire +2
• Revolt risk value in Lincoln +2
• Revolt risk value in Bristol +2
• Revolt risk value in Anglia +2
• Revolt risk value in Kent +2
• Revolt risk value in Wessex +2

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 164068 - The Great Council at Leicester for England has already occurred

Will happen within 20 days of January 2, 1458
Checked again every 20 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1459)

Description

Queen Margaret completed her design of proscribing her enemies. A pliant parliament called to meet at Coventry found Richard Plantagenet Duke of York, Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury, and his son, Richard Earl of Warwick, and many of their followers guilty of treason. They were therfore sentenced to suffer the full effects of a bill of attainder. As such, their lands were to be forfeited and occupied by royal officers or distributed to loyal supporters. For the Yorkists, there was now no other option but to presuade King Henry VI to repeal the Act, or to cut down their Lancastrian rivals on the field of battle. There was only one obstacle between the Yorkists and King Henry, however, and that was the Duke of Somerset and his Lancastrian affinity. Henry shrewdly decreed that those who'd sided with the Yorkists and who would now lay down their arms would receive a full pardon, save those who were to be attainted. Thus there were many who refused to fight among the Yorkist ranks. Lacking numerical superiority from the onset, the prospects for a Yorkist victory on the battlefield looked grim. Heavily outnumbered, York, Salisbury and his son, Warwick abandoned their remaining retinues and fled England. Leaderless, their men simply surrendered to the Lancastrian army.

Actions

A. An immediate crisis has been avoided...

• Stability +1
• Revolt risk value in Yorkshire -2
• Revolt risk value in Lincoln -2
• Revolt risk value in Bristol -2
• Revolt risk value in Anglia -2
• Revolt risk value in Kent -2
• Revolt risk value in Wessex -2

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 164058 - The Lieutenancy of Ireland for England has already occurred
• Event 164069 - The Parliament of Devils for England has already occurred

Will happen within 20 days of January 2, 1458
Checked again every 20 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1459)

Description

When York summoned the Irish parliament to Drogheda his aim was to unite the Irish in their support for his claim to the throne of England. In order to accomplish this, York utilized his popularity and granted the Irish independence from the writs of the English Crown. Henceforth, English laws passed in Ireland would need to be accepted in an Irish Parliament. In return, York was recognized as the undisputed source of Royal authority, and it became treasonable act to attack the Duke of York in any way. Soon enough, the officer sent by Queen Margaret, who'd been charged with the responsibility of arresting York, found himself incarcirated, and then beheaded. In frustration, Margaret then named James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire, who was also Earl of Ormond, the King's new Lieutenant of Ireland. Ormond held states in Ireland and was charged with the task of harrying York and establishing the Royal authority in Ireland. Ormond's efforts were futile, however, and Irish hostility sent him home to England. York's position in Ireland was secured. He received homage and secured funding and men-at-arms from the Irish for use, no doubt, in England.

Actions

A. Welcome our Irish allies!

• Stability +1
• +5000 infantry in a random province
• +2000 cavalry in the same province
• Gain Connaught as vassals
• Gain Ireland as vassals
• Gain Leinster as vassals
• Gain Desmond as vassals
• Gain Ulster as vassals
• +50 relations with Connaught
• +50 relations with Ireland
• +50 relations with Leinster
• +50 relations with Desmond
• +50 relations with Ulster

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Calais
  • Own Picardie
  • Own Caux
  • Own Berri
  • Own Maine
  • Own Normandie
  • Own Vendée
  • Own Poitou
  • Own Limousin
  • Own Guyenne
  • Own Gascogne

Will happen within 60 days of January 2, 1459
Checked again every 60 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1460)

Description

The Merchants of the Staple were members of an English trading company that controlled the export of English raw wool. The staple was created in the thirteenth century, but moved from place to place according to the political needs of the times. In 1363, a group of English merchants located in France was incorporated as the 'Company of the Staple' possessing a complete monopoly of wool exports. With Warwick in control of England's possessions in France, he was able to secure a healthy donation from the company. He was a popular leader among the English troops in France and a series of successful raids against the merchant shipping of the Hanseatic League had enlarged both the caufers and reputation of Warwick and his men. With these new funds, Warwick prepared to launch another Yorkist assault on Lancastrian England.

Actions

A. Good!

• +100
• +5000 infantry in a random province
• +2000 cavalry in the same province
• -25 relations with a random country
• -25 relations with a random country
• -25 relations with a random country
• -25 relations with a random country

England -- Not random

Will happen within 15 days of January 2, 1458
Checked again every 15 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 2, 1460)

Description

The Earls of Warwick, Salisbury, and the Duke of York's son, Edward Earl of March landed in England with a force that took London without casualty. From London, Warwick and Edward moved north to meet the King's army under the command of the Duke of Buckingham. The two armies met on the field near Northampton. In the ensuing struggle, the Lancastrian force was obliterated and Buckingham was slain. Buckingham's death signalled a turn for the worse for the Lancastrians. As the King's appointed Commander, Buckingham had been Henry's Royal guardian. Thus, the battle of Mortimer's Cross ended with King Henry in the hands of the Yorkists. The victorious army marched back to London with the King where they would exert great influence over him. The Yorkist now held London and the King, but the Queen, the Duke of Somerset, and the Earl of Northumberland were still at large and could field an army in the north which embodied widespread roayalist sypathies. Thus, the Lancastrians would eventually respond with an army of English northerners and Scottish troops sent by the Queen and Regent of Scotland, Mary of Guise. York and Salisbury understood that the north would require subjugation, which itself could not be accomplished without the defeat of the key Lancastrian figures whom were leading the northen horde to retake London. York and Salisbury could not have imagined the size of the northern army they were about to confront.

Actions

A. We must subdue the north

• Northumberland revolts
• Northumberland revolts
• Lancashire revolts
• Lancashire revolts
• Revolt risk value in Northumberland +4
• Revolt risk value in Lancashire +4
• Revolt risk value in Wales +4
• Revolt risk value in Midlands +4
• Revolt risk value in Cornwall +4

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 164072 - The Duke of Buckingham is slain for England has already occurred
• Control Anglia

Will happen within 15 days of January 2, 1458
Checked again every 15 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1460)

Description

With London and King Henry secured, York and his allies were now in control of the government, albeit a government which was in dissaray. While the Lancastrians reeled from the disaster at Northhampton, the Yorkists had done their best to quell resistance. When York entered London, he ordered that trumpets be played and his sword be held before him in the manner of King, as he marched to Westminster, where the lords of the land were assembled for his arrival. Entering Westminster Hall he walked up to the throne and placed his hand upon it, then turned to the assembled lords. Instead of the rapturous welcome he had expected, he was met with a stony silence that was eventually broken by the Archbishop of Canterbury, who approached him and asked if he would like to see the King. Without the support of the lords for his claim to be King, York, infuriated, set about the task of obtaining the throne by legal means. The Yorkists organized a full assembly of both houses, and seated the King before the full Parliament in royal regalia. The archbishop of York then narrated the alleged misdeeds of government from a text seemingly dependent on the Calais manifesto. Parliament then proceeded, amidst considerable confusion, to elect a speaker. The Commons was unwilling to agree to Henry's deposition. Originally, York had planned his coronation for the following day, but deffered to baronial council after a confrontation with Thomas Neville. Having submitted his claim to the throne, the lords, after a period of deliberation, agreed to accept York's claim, but to decline to give it any immediate effect. Henry was to have the Crown for his lifetime, afterwhich the Crown would fall to York and his heirs. Thus had passed what later came to be known as the Act of Accord.

Actions

A. York is heir to the throne

• Stability +1
• Revolt risk value in Yorkshire -2
• Revolt risk value in Lincoln -2
• Revolt risk value in Bristol -2
• Revolt risk value in Anglia -2
• Revolt risk value in Kent -2
• Revolt risk value in Wessex -2

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 164073 - The Act of Accord for England has already occurred
• Event 276018 - Margaret seeks our Aid for Scotland has already occurred

Will happen within 15 days of January 2, 1458
Checked again every 15 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1460)

Description

Queen Margaret left England sailing for Berwick intending to seek refuge in Scotland where James II, whose mother had been a Beaufort, was a friend to the Lancastrians. The Scottish Queen, Mary of Guelders sent an envoy to escort Margaret to Dumfries where she and her son were warmly received. Although James II had recently deceased, his son James III, then only a boy, was to govern with the aid of a Regency council. The widowed Queen and the Bishop of St. Andrews headed the Regency council and thus Lancastrian sympathy had remained strong. After a lengthy meeting at Lincluden, the two Queens came to an agreement. Scotland would loan Margaret money and men for Margarets campaign against the Yorkists. In return, Margaret agreed to surrender Berwick Castle, and promised an unguarded and rich southern England which the Scottish troops could plunder mercilessly. In response, thousands of Scottish men-at-arms volunteered for the campaign. Upon hearing word of Margaret's alliance with the Scottish Regent, Mary, Warwick utilized the opportunity to unleash a torrent of propaganda. It is possible that the Yorkists had somehow learned the substance of Margaret's alliance with the Scots. Margaret had promised Mary of Guelders Berwick castle and her Scottish soldiers the spoils of pillaging England's village and towns. Regardless, Warwick was quick to issue pamphlets and send heralds all over England with claims that the Queen was leading a massive army of Scotsmen bent on burning, pillaging and destroying all that lay in its path of fury. When the Queen re-entered England, the recklessness of her troops vallidated many of Warwick's warnings, and many villagers swarmed to the Yorkist cause with grave news. London would never forget the Queen's bargain with the Scots, and moreover, would actively assist the Yorkists with funding and troops...

Actions

A. A northern horde is on its way!

• Stability -1
• +50
• -50 relations with Scotland
• Northumberland revolts
• Northumberland revolts
• Yorkshire revolts
• Yorkshire revolts
• Lancashire revolts
• Lancashire revolts
• Revolt risk value in Northumberland +4
• Revolt risk value in Yorkshire +4
• Revolt risk value in Lancashire +4
• Revolt risk value in Wales +4
• Revolt risk value in Midlands +4
• Revolt risk value in Cornwall +4

England -- Not random

Triggered by

Action B of 276018 - Margaret seeks our Aid for Scotland

Description

Queen Margaret left England sailing for Berwick intending to seek refuge in Scotland where James II, whose mother had been a Beaufort, was a friend to the Lancastrians. The Scottish Queen, Mary of Guelders sent an envoy to escort Margaret to Dumfries where she and her son were warmly received. Although James II had recently deceased, his son James III, then only a boy, was to govern with the aid of a Regency council. The widowed Queen and the Bishop of St. Andrews headed the Regency council and thus Lancastrian sympathy had remained strong. However, after a lengthy meeting at Lincluden, the two Queens never came to an agreement...

Actions

A. Oh no!

• Stability -3
• -100 relations with Scotland

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 164073 - The Act of Accord for England has already occurred

Will happen on December 30, 1460

Description

Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York was cut down leading his heavily outnumbered reinforcements alongside his father-in law, Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury, against a Lancastrian army led by Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset. The Lancastrians stripped him of his armour, befouled his body, and then beheaded him posthumously. In the rout, the notorious Lancastrian Lord Clifford had caught York's second son, Edmund, and killed him on the spot - stabbing him through the throat with a dagger. Warwick's father, Salisbury, was captured after the battle and executed the day after. Their heads were subsequently impaled on pikes and displayed in the city of York. A paper crown was placed mockingly on the deceased Duke's head. When York fell, his claim to the throne of England fell to his first born son, Edward of Rouen, Earl of March. Standing 6'4'', Edward cut an incredibly impressive figure. His soldiers, and indeed those of his father, were willing to lay down their lives for Edward and his claim. The future of the House of York now depended on the abilities of this gifted young warrior.

Actions

A. Vengeance!

• Stability -1
• Revolt risk value in Yorkshire +4
• +10000 infantry in the capital province
• +2000 cavalry in the capital province

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 164074 - Scottish Intervention for England has already occurred
  • Event 164118 - Scottish Refusal for England has already occurred

Will happen within 50 days of January 2, 1461
Checked again every 50 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1461)

Description

Despite a technological superiority, the Earl of Warwick led a Yorkist army to defeat in St. Albans in a result which mirrored the first battle at St. Albans years before. Warwick himself barely esaped, but he had left King Henry under the keep of Lord Bonville and Lord Kyriell. Isolated and vastly outnumbered, Lord Bonville and Kyriell were forced to surrender Henry peacefully. Bonville and Kyriell had treated the Lancastrian King honourably. In return, the King had promised them mercy, but the Queen intervened and asked her 7 year old son, the younge Prince of Wales for judgement. He replied that the two Yorkists should be beheaded. Bonville was appalled and allegedly retorted 'May God destroy those who taught thee this manner of speech!' And with that the two Yorkists were executed on the spot. Without Henry, the Yorkists had little ground for authority. It was no longer possible for Edward to claim, as his father had done earlier, that he had taken up arms in order to remove from Henry the influence of evil councellors. The Commons now acknowledged that the endemic disorder was directly attributable to Henry's weak government. This time, the Yorkists' intentions were to remove him from power and make Edward King. In fact, they had no alternative, for despite Edward's warm welcome in London, he was not in a strong position being, technically, an attainted traitor who lacked funds and the support of the majority of England's magnates. With a parliament in session, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the bishops of Salisbury and Exeter, Warwick, Norfolk, and several other peers held a council at Baynard's Castle. It was unanimously agreed between those present that Edward should be offered the throne. On the following day, a deputation of lords and commons presented a petition to him, begging him to accept the crown and royal dignity of England. Edward acceded to the lords' petition and was shortly thereafterwards proclaimed King Edward IV at Beynard's Castle. However, Edward refused a formal coronation until the Lancastrians were put down in the north.

Actions

A. We must crush the Lancastrians in the north

• +50
• +5000 infantry in the capital province
• +2000 cavalry in the capital province

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 164076 - Disaster at St. Albans for England has already occurred
  • Event 164118 - Scottish Refusal for England has already occurred

Will happen within 5 days of March 5, 1461
Checked again every 5 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1461)

Description

The fighting at St. Albans had destroyed any possibility for political harmony between Yorkist and Lancastrian factions. York found himself outmaneuvered, with no options except once again to resort to force. In a series of brief and rapid campaigns, open warfare broke out once more in England. York himself was killed in the battle of Wakefield in December 1460, but his son and heir Edward earl of March gained a victory at Mortimer's Cross in February the following year. Soon afterwards, the rival armies approached each other at the village of Towton, where in the midst of a blinding snowstorm they fought the largest and most brutal battle of the era. When the bloody day was done, the throne of England was the victor's prize.

Actions

A. God Save King Edward!

• Stability -1
• Revolt risk value in Northumberland -4
• Revolt risk value in Yorkshire -6
• Revolt risk value in Lancashire -4
• Revolt risk value in Wales -4
• Revolt risk value in Midlands -4
• Revolt risk value in Cornwall -4
• Grant independence to Scotland
• Grant independence to Connaught
• Grant independence to Leinster
• Grant independence to Desmond
• Grant independence to Ulster
• Monarch Edward IV becomes active
• Leader Edward IV becomes active
• Leader Warwick becomes active
• Leader Northumberland will never be active
• Event 164158 - The Heirs of York for England will never fire
• Event 21111 - The Lancastrian Succession for England will never fire

B. Long Live King Henry!

• Stability -2
• -100
• Infrastructure tech investment: -300
• Revolt risk value in Northumberland -8
• Revolt risk value in Yorkshire -4
• Revolt risk value in Lancashire -8
• Revolt risk value in Wales -8
• Revolt risk value in Midlands -8
• Revolt risk value in Cornwall -8
• Revolt risk value in Lincoln +4
• Revolt risk value in Bristol +4
• Revolt risk value in Anglia +4
• Revolt risk value in Kent +4
• Revolt risk value in Wessex +4
• Grant independence to Scotland
• Grant independence to Connaught
• Grant independence to Leinster
• Grant independence to Desmond
• Grant independence to Ulster
• Aristocracy +1
• Event 164077 - King Edward's Coronation for England will never fire
• Event 21107 - The Readeption for England will never fire
• Event 21108 - Battle of Tewkesbury for England will never fire
• Event 21109 - Trial of George Duke of Clarence for England will never fire
• Event 21110 - To Kill a King for England will never fire
• Event 21112 - Bosworth Field for England will never fire
• Event 21113 - Battle of Stoke for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 21105 - Battle of Towton for England has already occurred
• Scotland is a vassal of England
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and Scotland are at war
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and Scotland are allied
• Relations with Scotland are at 100 or higher

Will happen within 5 days of March 5, 1461
Checked again every 5 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 30, 1462)

Description

Now that the King of Scotland has sworn vassalage to our new King, we are obliged to protect him.

Actions

A. OK

• Gain an alliance with Scotland

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 21105 - Battle of Towton for England has already occurred
• Connaught is a vassal of England
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and Connaught are at war
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and Connaught are allied
• Relations with Connaught are at 100 or higher

Will happen within 5 days of March 5, 1461
Checked again every 5 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 30, 1462)

Description

Now that Connaught has sworn vassalage to our new King, we are obliged to protect them.

Actions

A. OK

• Gain an alliance with Connaught

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 21105 - Battle of Towton for England has already occurred
• Leinster is a vassal of England
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and Leinster are at war
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and Leinster are allied
• Relations with Leinster are at 100 or higher

Will happen within 5 days of March 5, 1461
Checked again every 5 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 30, 1462)

Description

Now that Leinster has sworn vassalage to our new King, we are obliged to protect them.

Actions

A. OK

• Gain an alliance with Leinster

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 21105 - Battle of Towton for England has already occurred
• Desmond is a vassal of England
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and Desmond are at war
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and Desmond are allied
• Relations with Desmond are at 100 or higher

Will happen within 5 days of March 5, 1461
Checked again every 5 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 30, 1462)

Description

Now that Desmond has sworn vassalage to our new King, we are obliged to protect them.

Actions

A. OK

• Gain an alliance with Desmond

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 21105 - Battle of Towton for England has already occurred
• Ulster is a vassal of England
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and Ulster are at war
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and Ulster are allied
• Relations with Ulster are at 100 or higher

Will happen within 5 days of March 5, 1461
Checked again every 5 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 30, 1462)

Description

Now that Ulster has sworn vassalage to our new King, we are obliged to protect them.

Actions

A. OK

• Gain an alliance with Ulster

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 21105 - Battle of Towton for England has already occurred

Will happen within 30 days of March 5, 1461
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1461)

Description

The coronations of England's Kings had always been splendid affairs, and Edward, with his sense of showmanship, was resolved that nothing should be missing to give the populace the spectacle that it expected.

On Sunday 28th June 1461, the solemn and splendid ceremony was conducted in Westminster Abbey, the cradle of the English Monarchy, by Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury, who now placed the crown on the first of the three Monarchs whom, in the course of his long life, he was to crown. The Archbishop of York, William Booth assisted him.

Afterwards, there was the usual coronation banquet when Sir Thomas Dymoke, the hereditary King's champion, rode into the hall in full armour, flung down his mail gauntlet, and challenged anyone who disputed Edward's right to do battle with him. On Tuesday 30th June, he was due to attend a pageant before St Pauls Cathedral where a descending angel blessed him. It was a happy and joyful occasion on a fine summer's day.

Edward now completed process of rewarding his faithful followers with titles, although in some cases they would have to wait until Parliament had completed the Attainder processes against the defeated Lancastrian Lords before they could receive grants of land to support their new dignities. His 12-year old brother George, newly returned from his refuge in Burgundy, was created Duke of Clarence. His 9-year old brother Richard, who had also come back from Burgundy, became Duke of Gloucester. Henry, Lord Bourchier, the Treasurer, was created Earl of Essex, and particularly bidden to keep a close eye on the Lancastrians of the Earl of Oxford's affinity in the eastern counties. William, Lord Fauconberge was rewarded for his outstanding loyalty to the House of York, and for his valour on the battlefield with the Earldom of Kent. Sir William Hastings, the knight who had been dubbed on the same battle-field, became Lord Hastings of Hastings in Sussex. Sir William Herbert received the first of his promotions as Lord Herbert.

Actions

A. A joyous occasion!

• Stability +1
• +50
• Centralization +1
• Aristocracy +1

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active

Will happen within 50 days of March 5, 1461
Checked again every 50 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1461)

Description

King Edward rode in triumph to York with great solemnity and processions, but as he approached the Micklegate Bar his face set into grim lines as he saw above him the rotting heads of his father, his brother, and his uncle - Warwick's father, the Earl of Salisbury. This horrific sight turned him visibly grey with anger and sorrow, and he vowed that the Lancastrians would taste his vengeance and that those responsible for the deaths of his kinsfolk would be relentlessly sought out and slaughtered. Edward's first order in York was that the heads be taken down and decently interred at Pontefract with the corresponding bodies. He then issued commissions of the peace for the arrest of any Lancastrian rebels. The Yorkist King was greeted warmly in York and the leading citizens begged him for forgiveness. Edward, taking a conciliatory approach, forgave them freely. His hold on the realm was still tentative, and he needed the cooperation of his subjects and earned it with mercy. Within days, representatives from major towns across Yorkshire came and offered their submission to their new King. Edward's officers soon found several Lancastrian rebels hiding in the city, and rounded them up. Amongst them was the Earl of Devon who was mercilessly beheaded. Their heads replaced those of the Yorkists on Micklegate Bar, grim reminders of the fate of those who rebelled against their rightful sovereign.

Actions

A. Yorkshire and the Southwest are pacified

• Stability +1
• Revolt risk value in Yorkshire -2
• Revolt risk value in Cornwall -4
• (no effects)

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active

Will happen within 5 days of March 5, 1461
Checked again every 5 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 1, 1476)

Description

Although Edward had secured most of Southern England, Wales and the Northern expanses were seething with Lancastrian sympathies and were actively harboring some of the most prominent surviving Lancastrians. Several castles in Northumberland and Wales, including strongholds garrisoned by the Percies and Tudor families, respectively, were being held for Henry VI. During this time, the government had no authority in Northumberland. Edward would spend the next few years of his reign campaigning in Wales and the northern shires before the remnants of Lancastrian unrest were put down. It was during the early years of his reign that one of Edward's greatest commanders distinguished himself on the field.

Actions

A. Years in the field...

• Revolt risk value in Northumberland +2
• Revolt risk value in Lancashire +2
• Revolt risk value in Wales +2
• Revolt risk value in Midlands +2
• Northumberland revolts
• Lancashire revolts
• Wales revolts
• Leader Lord Hastings becomes active

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Henry VI is active
• Event 21105 - Battle of Towton for England has already occurred

Will happen within 300 days of March 5, 1461
Checked again every 300 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1470)

Description

After the decisive Lancastrian victory at Towton, Somerset was charged with the unenviable task of rounding up York and his retainers, including his younger brother, Gloucester and Lord Fauconberg. Brought before King Henry at the royal camp at Tadcaster in the spring of 1461, York and Gloucester submitted themselves before their baffled sovereign, swearing allegiance to the House of Lancaster and begging the King for a royal pardon. My lord, whilst putting these treacherous siblings to death may seem an obvious end to our problems, it could in fact lead to greater unrest amongst York's former supporters. On the other hand, forgiveness has been the byword of your reign: why not continue this generosity through a policy of repproachment with the heirs of York? Though young, their military prowess and courage in the field are well-attested. Who knows, they may even represent our reversal of fortunes in France...

Actions

A. We must reunite our dynasty and continue the war

• Stability -1
• Monarch's military skill +3 for 36 months
• Leader York becomes active
• Leader Gloucester becomes active
• Lose 1000 troops in a random province
• Lose 1000 troops in a random province
• Lose 1000 troops in a random province
• Gain a temporary casus belli against France for 6 months
• Global revolt risk +1 for 12 months

B. Execute the Yorkist traitors!

• Stability +1
• +500
• Lose 1000 troops in a random province
• Lose 1000 troops in a random province
• Lose 1000 troops in a random province
• +50 relations with France
• Global revolt risk -1 for 12 months

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active

Triggered by

Action A of 170173 - Meeting at Amboise for France

Description

Henry's Queen, Margaret, daughter of Rene, Duke of Anjou, had fled England and found sanctuary in Scotland. Margaret had desired to visit Louis XI, and her expectations of him were high, especially after she learned that he had been actively involved in Oxford's conspiracy against Edward IV. The Queen and her son embarked for France. Landing in Brittany, the two were welcomed warmly by Duke Francis II. From there, she met with her father, and after a brief stay, caught Louis XI in Amboise. Margaret threw herself at Louis' feet, and begged him for assistance against the Yorkist. After a subsequent meeting, Margaret agreed to surrender their claims to Calais in return for French soldiers and 20,000 francs to assist her against Yorkist controlled England. The French soldiers were under the command of Pierre de Breze. The combined Lancastrian and French forces set sail and harried the English coast. Within weeks, the ships landed in Northumberland, although most had been scattered by a storm. Learning of Margaret's intentions, however, several Northumbrian castles rebelled, their garrisons declaring themselves for Henry VI. Warwick and Hastings, under Edward's command, would spend several miserable months trying to quell the rebellion and drive the Lancastrians out of Northumberland.

Actions

A. Curse that wretched hag!

• Stability -1
• Northumberland revolts
• Yorkshire revolts
• Lancashire revolts

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active
• England owns Northumberland
• England controls Northumberland

Will happen within 15 days of January 2, 1463
Checked again every 15 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1467)

Description

No sooner had Edward secured the Northumbrian Castles than did the north rebel once more. Margaret had once again marched a combined Lancastrian and Scottish army into Northumberland. This time, Sir Ralph Percy, the untrustworthy captain of Bramburgh, allowed the Queen's mercenaries into the castle, enabling the Lancastrians to take it for Henry VI. Percy was also the captain of Dunstanburgh Castle, and as soon as the garrison saw the Queen approaching it also surrendered. Not long after, Sir Ralph Grey's treachery opened the gates of Alnwick Castle to the Lancastrians. Weeks later, the Lancastrians would be marching to Newcastle, and it seemed the north would need to be quelled once again...

Actions

A. Treacherous Percy dog!

• Stability -1
• Northumberland revolts
• Yorkshire revolts
• Lancashire revolts

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active

Will happen within 90 days of January 2, 1464
Checked again every 90 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1464)

Description

Henry Beaufort Duke of Somerset was the son of Edmund Beaufort Duke of Somerset who was slain during the first battle of St. Albans. Edward had been exceptionally patient and lenient towards Henry. In an attempt to win the notable Lancastrian to the Yorkist cause, Edward had pardoned Henry, restored to him his estates, and had even named Henry his Chamberlain, which gave Henry personal access to Edward. Nevertheless, Henry revolted for Queen Margaret under the Lancastrian banner in a last ditch attempt to overthrow the Yorkist regime. The Duke of Somerset had assembled the remnants of Lancastrian supporters primarily from the deceased Earl of Northumberlands estates. The Yorkist were the victors, their army led by John Neville, Lord Montague, and over thirty Lancastrian leaders, among them Somerset, were either killed on the field or executed after the battle. Among the spoils of the battle was King Henry's war chest. Within a short period of time, even the dethroned King himself was found and transported back to London. The battle marked the beginning of a quick end for the Lancastrian resistance in the north, as within weeks the remaining holdings were recovered. The brilliant and able commander John Neville saw to it that, one after another, Lancastrian heads rolled.

Actions

A. Slaughter Somerset's forces!

• Stability +3
• Aristocracy -1
• Northumberland revolts
• Yorkshire revolts
• Lancashire revolts
• Revolt risk value in Northumberland -6
• Revolt risk value in Lancashire -6
• Revolt risk value in Wales -6
• Revolt risk value in Midlands -6

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active
• Event 164082 - Somerset is Executed for England has already occurred

Will happen within 150 days of January 2, 1464
Checked again every 150 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1466)

Description

Edward IV was by now the most eligable bachelor in Europe 'a man so vigorous and handsome that he might have been made for the pleasures of the flesh'. Many in his administration were anxious to find him a suitable bride. Edward, however, found one for himself, marrying Elizabeth Woodville, a woman of questionable birth. Although her mother had been Jacquetta of Luxembourg, her father had been a squire, and later promoted to Lord Rivers. Elizabeth was a widow of the late John Grey, a baron who'd died fighting for the Lancastrians. As such she was considered unsuitable both as a bride for Edward and as a Yorkist Queen. Thus the Nobles reacted with dismay when Edward announced his bride to the Council after having kept it secret for well over four months. Warwick, the most powerful magnate in England had been advocating a French bride for Edward in both the English and French courts, and now faced a serious blow to his political integrity. When Elizabeth came to court she brought with her five unmarried brothers, seven unmarried sisters, and two sons from her previous marriage. As members of the royal entourage, the Woodvilles would have to be elevated to a more respectable status than their background could justify. This meant land, titles and marriages into the English nobility. Warwick, among others, would take great personal insult to the influx of Woodvilles, and could do little as marriage prospects for his own two daughters and heirs dissapeared. Nevertheless there was another English candidate for Edward. Eleanor Talbot who, like Elizabeth, was a widowed Lancastrian, but unlike Elizabeth, was not saddled with a large family to promote in court. Moreover, the Bishop of Bath would later testify that Edward had in fact entered into a marriage contract with Eleanor, a legally binding promise which would render Edward's marriage to Elizabeth void on grounds of bigomy. Of course Edward could have bowed to Warwick's whim...

Actions

A. Welcome Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England!

• Stability -1
• Centralization +1
• Aristocracy +1
• -50 relations with France

B. Ahem...welcome Eleanor Talbot, Queen of England!

• Stability -1
• Aristocracy -1
• -50 relations with France
• Event 164091 - Isabelle and Anne Neville for England will never fire

C. Err...I meant...I'll let Warwick decide...

• Stability +1
• Gain a royal marriage with France
• +100 relations with France
• Centralization -1
• Aristocracy +1
• Event 164091 - Isabelle and Anne Neville for England will never fire
• Event 164085 - Warwick's Betrayal for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active
• Event 164089 - Elizabeth Woodville for England has already occurred
• Burgundy exists
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and Burgundy are at war

Will happen within 200 days of January 2, 1466
Checked again every 200 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1468)

Description

Following King Edward's success in the northernmost regions of his realm, the Yorkist regime seemed secure. The fledgling government could finally focus on external matters. Years of war and instability had ravaged England's economy. Particularly hurt was England's trade. Thus, mutual economic and political interests with the Duchy of Burgundy brought Duke Philippe to suggest to Edward that the Duke's granddaughter, Mary, should wed one of Edward's younger brothers. George, Duke of Clarence, was a rash and arrogant upstart and Edward was well aware of that fact. He was equally aware that Clarence was heir apparent to the throne. A union between his ambitious younger brother and one of Europe's mightiest states would only embolden Clarence and damage Edward's personal relations with Duke Charles in the long run. Furthermore, the Earl of Warwick favoured King Louis XI in France, and so he worked feverishly to promote an marriage alliance between the Yorkists and Valois dynasties. A marriage to Burgundy would severely jeopardize Warwick's standing within European diplomatic and political circles, because Edward had given Warwick the impression that he was interested in an Anglo-French alliance. Edward did not agree to Charles's proposal but would eventualy put forth a proposal of his own that did not involve either of his younger brothers. Alternatively, Edward could have put forward his youngest brother, Richard, who was at that point a youthful Duke of Gloucester.

Actions

A. Decline Philippe's offer, but remain favourable

• +25 relations with Burgundy
• -25 relations with France

B. Agree to Philippe's offer, Clarence will wed Mary

• Stability -1
• +100 relations with Burgundy
• -50 relations with France
• Aristocracy +1
• +1 base tax value in Lincoln
• +1 base tax value in Anglia
• +1 base tax value in Kent
• +1 base tax value in Wessex
• Event 164092 - Margaret of York and Charles Duke of Burgundy for England will never fire

C. Suggest Gloucester instead

• Stability -2
• Global revolt risk +3 for 60 months

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active
• Event 164089 - Elizabeth Woodville for England has already occurred
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and Burgundy are at war

Will happen within 200 days of January 2, 1466
Checked again every 200 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1468)

Description

With each shameless Woodville promotion at court, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick fumed as his influence over his cousin and King of England, Edward, slipped further into the distant past. His own enormous family, the Nevilles, owed its vast wealth and prestige to their shrewed and methodical marriages of their many heirs and heiresses for generations. Ironically, the Earl himself with his emense estates had no sons and only two daughters. With Warwick having reaped the spoils of the defeated Lancastrian nobility, his daughters were to inherit the greatest estates in all of England. Now, because of the social ambitions of the Queen's kindred, it looked as if there would be no one of suitable rank left for them to wed. Moreover, Edward had stubbornly refused to let Warwick have the most desirable matches of all, the King's own youthful brothers George, Duke of Clarence and Richard, Duke of Gloucester. Though Warwick had been York and Edward's strongest supporters, Edward feared mixing the potent ingredients that had derailed Richard II, and again Henry VI's regimes. Ambition and youthful Royals with vast estates had tendencies to create civil strife, weaken Kingdoms, and at the very worst, depose Kings. Afterall, Edward was the product of such a situation and was well aware of that fact. Furthermore, the King wished to release himself utterly of Warwick's arrogant and self-rightous direction. Thus, Edward wrote to the Pope requesting he abstain from granting Warwick or any of his brothers, a Papal Bull sanctioning their marriages to the heirs of Warwick, until Edward himself had agreed.

Actions

A. Deny Warwick's ambitions

• Stability -1
• (no effects)

B. Isabelle will wed a Yorkist Prince

• Aristocracy +1
• (no effects)

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active
• Burgundy exists
• Event 164090 - A Suitor for Duke Charles's Daughter for England has already occurred
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and Burgundy are at war

Will happen within 30 days of June 2, 1468
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1468)

Description

On the 18th June 1468, Margaret of York set out on her journey to be married to Duke Charles 'the Bold' of Burgundy. The wedding spared no expense, from the ceremony itself to Margaret's splendid State entry into Bruges. The marriage Treaty solidified a trade agreement between England and Burgundy, and a treaty of non aggression.

Actions

A. A Happy Occasion!

• +1 base tax value in Lincoln
• +1 base tax value in Anglia
• +1 base tax value in Kent
• +1 base tax value in Wessex
• +50 relations with Burgundy

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active
• Own Wales

Will happen within 15 days of June 2, 1468
Checked again every 15 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1469)

Description

Jasper Tudor, the attainted Lancastrian Earl of Pembroke landed on the Welsh coast in the summer of 1468. Jasper had brought a small force with him to relieve Harlech Castle, and he seized and sacked the town of Denbigh. William, Lord Herbert had acted promptly to prevent him raising the countryside which had always been noted for its Lancastrian sympathies. Tudor was chased into the hills, brought to battle, and soundly defeated. He managed to avoid the clutches of the vengeful Herbert and, with the aid of the country people, made good his escape to France.

Actions

A. Put down the rebellion!

• Stability -1
• Wales revolts
• Wales revolts
• Global revolt risk +2 for 12 months

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active
• Own Northumberland
• Control Northumberland

Will happen within 15 days of June 2, 1469
Checked again every 15 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after July 30, 1469)

Description

Robin of Redesdale had raised a rebellion in the north. His real identity was unknown but he was suspected of having intrigued with several of the Earl of Warwick's agents. Robin led an armed rebellion that was quickly scattered by John Neville, whom had been promoted to the Percy Earldom of Northumberland.

Actions

A. Put these rebels to the sword

• Northumberland revolts

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active
• Event 164089 - Elizabeth Woodville for England has already occurred
• Event 164091 - Isabelle and Anne Neville for England has already occurred

Will happen within 15 days of July 2, 1469
Checked again every 15 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1469)

Description

Relations between Richard Earl of Warwick and King Edward IV had never been poorer. The dislike both men shared for each other had become painfully obvious to those who had taken even the slightest note. The earl had refused to attend Council meetings, obey Royal summons, and had even been suspected of dealings with the exiled Lancastrian Queen, Margaret. There had been several minor disturbances, and Warwick's agents had been implicated as participants. Nevertheless, Edward refused to believe that Richard of Warwick who had for so long fought for the House of York could possibly be conspiring against him. In reality, Warwick had sought a special dispensation from Pope Pius II to allow the marriage of Edward's brother, George, to Warwick's daughter, Isabelle. The Duke of Clarence and George Neville, Archbishop of York was summoned from London and rode hard for Dover to set sail to France. There, the Archbishop joined George and Isabel in Holy Matrimony. A second rebellion was incited by Robin of Redesdale, this time in the Midlands, where his forces were to be combined with Warwick's and Clarence's. The Earl of Devon and Earl of Pembroke had raised troops for King Edward, but on the eve of battle a quarrel between the two resulted in Devon abondoning Pembroke. In the ensuing struggle, Pembroke's army was defeated and he and his son were taken prisoner by Warwick and summarily beheaded along with Richard Woodville and his son John. Devon was eventually caught and executed as well. Warwick at the head of his army now advanced to sieze King Edward.

Actions

A. Curses!

• Stability -3
• Lose 5000 troops in a random province
• Lose 5000 troops in a random province
• A random province revolts
• A random province revolts

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active
• Event 164085 - Warwick's Betrayal for England has already occurred

Will happen within 30 days of September 2, 1469
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1469)

Description

Warwick had made a grave miscalculation during the weeks following his victory at Edgecote. Instead of persuing all of his enemies and rivals across the realm, his army had melted back to their humble origins. He now held the reigns of the government, but without the complacency of the King, Warwick's command was a dead letter. Thus, when a rebellion broke out yet again in the north led by Sir Humphrey Neville, a member of the branch of the family who had always sided with Lancaster, in order to restore Henry VI, Warwick realized that nobody in the realm was willing to fight for a noble who lacked a commission in the King's name. Thus, when Warwick asked Edward to sign the commission to raise the necessary troops, he failed to recognize that these troops would ultimately obey King Edward over the Earl. Warwick returned with the King's troops having supressed the rebellion, only to discover that Edward had announced that he was going to London. There was nothing the Earl could do. Edward would simply place him under arrest, or worse, if the Earl refused to allow Edward to leave. The nobles of the realm had disliked the Woodville's, and Warwick had done them a favour by executing their most prominent members, however, they weren't gong to support Warwick's big to place Clarence on the throne. And so Warwick and Clarence now found themselves isolated. The Earl and Duke reluctantly attended a Great Council, and were conditionally pardonded by the King.

Actions

A. The King is Free!

• Stability +2
• A random province revolts

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active
• Event 164086 - The King Remerges for England has already occurred

Will happen within 30 days of September 2, 1469
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1469)

Description

No ssoner had Warwick and Clarence been pardonded than they again plotted against Edward. Within months Warwick had stirred rebellion once more, this time in Lincolnshire. On this occasion, however, clarence had met with Edward in London in order to install a false sense of security in his brother. Warwick and Clarence requested commission to raise forces to quell the rebellion, and so Edward obliged. Nevertheless, Edward made his way with his army to meet with the rebels. The rebellion was quelled by Edward's troops without a fight. Among the possessions abandonded on the field were liveries belonging to Warwick and Clarence, and a chest full of correspondence between Warwick, Clarence, and the rebels themselves. Warwick and Clarence had betrayed Edward again. This time there would be no mercy, and the Earl and Duke knew it. The two fled, along with many of their supporters for France, where they would eventually seek aid from King Louis XI whom would orchestrate an alliance between the surviving exiled Lancastrians and the traitorous Yorkist magnates. In the meantime, Edward reasoned correctly that Warwick would try for Calais, and so he shrewdly sent orders to refuse Warwick's entry. Duke Charles of Burgundy assisted where he could, patrolling the seas for Warwick.

Actions

A. There is little else we can do...

• Stability -1
• +50 relations with Burgundy
• -50 relations with France
• (no effects)

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active
• Event 164087 - Warwick and Clarence take flight for England has already occurred

Will happen within 20 days of September 2, 1470
Checked again every 20 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after September 30, 1470)

Description

King Louis XI of France had orchestrated a reconsiliation and allaince between the disgruntled Yorkists and the exiled Lancastrians led by the unrelenting though aged Lancastrian Queen, Margaret, and her seventeen year old son, Edward. This paradoxical alliance was bent on restoring Henry VI to power. Priot to Warwick's landing, Henry, Baron Fitz-Hugh, at Warwick's urging, began a rebellion in the North. The Fitz-Hughes were known Lancastrians, and Henry had fought for Lancaster at the second battle of St Albans not too many years ago. King Edward decided to take his men north to stamp out the rebellion, and thus invite Warwick to land. The King planned to subsequently raise troops in the north at York and along his way south to meet Warwick on the field and destroy the traitorous magnate once and for all. Instead, once Edward supressed the rebellion, he found himself an exile at Duke Charles's court. The key difference was John Neville Marquess of Montagu, Richard Earl of Warwick's brother, who had lost the Earldom of Northumberland to Henry Percy. Despite Montagu's exemplary service to the House of York, even in the face of Warwick's rebellions, Edward found he could trust the Nevilles no longer and had deprived John of the Earldom not too many months before. Although Edward had seemingly compensated John for his loss with a promotion to Marquess and estates in Devonshire, John's new estates and offices paled in comparison to what he had enjoyed before in the north. And so the Marquess had decided to support Warwick's bid to reinstate Henry VI as King of England. Edward's men learned of John's plan, and compelled their King to flee abroad.

Actions

A. OK

• Stability -2
• Northumberland revolts
• A random province revolts
• A random province revolts

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active

Will happen on October 4, 1470

Description

By the late 1460s, the Yorkist regime appeared to have gained considerable stability as the Lancastrian cause waned. Edward IV increasingly asserted his right to make his own policies, particularly in his choice of Elizabeth Wydville as his Queen, contrary to the advice and interests of his ally Richard, earl of Warwick and his brother and heir, George, duke of Clarence. Frustrated and finding themselves isolated from the King's inner circle, the two men established contact with several prominent Lancastrian exiles and concocted a plot to remove Edward and 'readept' Henry VI, since Hexham a prisoner in the Tower of London. The coup was a success, with Edward and most of his supporters escaping to his brother-in-law's court in Dijon, whence they began to plot their revenge.

Actions

A. We are the Maker of Kings

• Monarch Richard Neville (Henry VI) becomes active
• Stability -2
• Revolt risk value in Northumberland +3
• Revolt risk value in Yorkshire +3
• Revolt risk value in Lancashire +3
• Revolt risk value in Wales +3
• Revolt risk value in Midlands +3
• Revolt risk value in Lincoln +3
• Revolt risk value in Bristol +3
• Revolt risk value in Anglia +3
• Revolt risk value in Kent +3
• Revolt risk value in Wessex +3
• Revolt risk value in Cornwall +3
• -100 relations with Burgundy
• +50 relations with France

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 170291 - The Generous Peace of Henry V for France has already occurred

Will happen within 100 days of January 2, 1471
Checked again every 100 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1472)

Description

The Generous Peace signed by King Henry V and King Charles VI of France effectively delayed the surrender of England's possessions in France for half a century. Calais and Gascogne were England's residual territories, and it was now time to surrender them peacefully to the French. King Henry VI, son of King Henry V, faced enormous pressure from both the merchant class, whom were vested in England's commercial interests in the lowlands and southwestern France, and the Yorkists, a faction of England's nobility whom had opposed Henry VI's government, to defy France. Nevertheless, Henry VI and his trusted ministers knew, like his father before him, that England could ill-afford a prolonged war with France.

Actions

A. Hand Calais and Gascogne to France as stipulated

• Stability -2
• Cede Calais to France
• Cede Gascogne to France
• Calais will no longer be considered a national (core) province
• Gascogne will no longer be considered a national (core) province
• +100 relations with France
• Event 170175 - King Henry VI Claims Calais and Gascogne for France will never fire

B. Refuse to uphold the Treaty

• Stability -3
• -100 relations with France
• Event 170174 - Calais and Gascogne Restored to French Rule for France will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Richard Neville (Henry VI) is active

Will happen on April 12, 1471

Description

In March 1471 Edward embarked his return to England with a Burgundian-raised army of 2000 men. Landing at Ravenser on the Yorkshire coast, he soon rallied a larger force and marched on London, meeting and destroying Warwick's army and killing the Kingmaker himself at Barnet on 14 April. Having gained control of the capital (and quietly disposed of Henry VI), Edward turned west to meet another threat. Margaret of Anjou and her son the Lancastrian Prince of Wales had landed with a French-financed army in the southwest and were marching toward the Midlands. On May 4 Edward intercepted and defeated this last hope of the House of Lancaster at Tewkesbury, and according to legend killed the Prince of Wales with his own hand at the high altar of Tewkesbury Abbey. With the Lancastrian dynasty all but exterminated, Edward spent the next thirteen years reforming the government and giving England the peace and stability it longed for.

Actions

A. The throne is safe

• Monarch Edward IV becomes active
• Monarch Richard Plantagenet (Edward V) becomes active
• Leader Edward IV becomes active
• Leader Gloucester becomes active
• Stability -2
• +200
• +100 relations with Burgundy
• -100 relations with France
• Revolt risk value in Northumberland -3
• Revolt risk value in Yorkshire -3
• Revolt risk value in Lancashire -3
• Revolt risk value in Wales -3
• Revolt risk value in Midlands -3
• Revolt risk value in Lincoln -3
• Revolt risk value in Bristol -3
• Revolt risk value in Anglia -3
• Revolt risk value in Kent -3
• Revolt risk value in Wessex -3
• Revolt risk value in Cornwall -3

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active

Will happen within 360 days of January 2, 1478
Checked again every 360 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1478)

Description

Even after his betrayal in 1470, Edward pardoned his brother Clarence and allowed him to retain enormous estates and power, but Clarence's erratic and provocative behavior became steadily more dangerous. Finally in 1478 Edward had had enough. Clarence was charged with treason, condemned by Parliament, and executed.

Actions

A. Malmsey?

• Stability -1
• +200
• Infrastructure tech investment: +200
• +1 base tax value in Northumberland
• +1 base tax value in Yorkshire
• +1 base tax value in Lancashire
• +1 base tax value in Wales
• +1 base tax value in Midlands
• +1 base tax value in Lincoln
• +1 base tax value in Bristol
• +1 base tax value in Anglia
• +1 base tax value in Kent
• +1 base tax value in Wessex
• +1 base tax value in Cornwall

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Event 164177 - Bedford is Granted the Duchy Lands of Anjou for England has already occurred
• Country is not at war
• Own Maine
• Control Maine
• None of the following must occur:
  • Event 164200 - We have no hope in Maine and Anjou for England has already occurred
  • Event 164210 - Anjou is lost for England has already occurred

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1482
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1500)

Description

With the death of the Angevin pretender, Charles III, the direct line of Anjou had come to an end. Moreover, the people of Anjou and Maine, after years of smoldering unrest, have finally come to accept our lawful goverance. Well done! Our iron fist has broken the rebellion!

Actions

A. Excellent!

• Stability +1
• Revolt risk value in Maine -4
• +2 base tax value in Maine

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward IV is active
• None of the following must occur:
  • England is a vassal of Scotland
• Scotland is a neighbor

Will happen within 120 days of July 2, 1482
Checked again every 120 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after November 30, 1482)

Description

In 1482 Edward IV of England launched a full-scale invasion against Scotland, led by the Duke of Gloucester, later Richard III of England, and including Alexander, Duke of Albany and brother of James III, styled ''Alexander IV'', as part of the invasion party. James III, in attempting to lead his subjects against the invasion, was arrested by a group of disaffected nobles, at Lauder Bridge in July 1482 and was imprisoned in Edinburgh castle. A new regime, led by 'lieutenant-general' Albany, became established during the autumn of 1482.

Actions

A. Do we really have control over Scotland?

• Event 276029 - A new regime in Scotland for Scotland is triggered immediately

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Richard Plantagenet (Edward V) is active

Will happen on June 21, 1483

Description

In the early summer of 1483, Richard of Gloucester seized the throne, murdered his late brother's chief supporter William Lord Hastings, and probably had his nephews put to death in the Tower. His actions alienated the English aristocracy and led to first a failed revolt by his former ally the duke of Buckingham, and ultimately his overthrow at the hands of Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond. However, his actions were at no point a foregone conclusion, and he must have thought long and hard as to whether the course of action he was about to undertake was a sound one. On the one hand, Gloucester was a skilled administrator with a proven record of military prowess, in particular during the Anglo-Scots war during the last years of his brother's reign - his arguments for claiming the throne were simple, he was the best man for the job: he could provide England with firm and stable leadership, and history had proven that a minor on the throne meant only anarchy and uncertainty. Moreover, his nephews were both bastards by virtue of their father's alleged prior marriage to a woman by the name of Jane Shore. On the other hand, the young Edward was undeniably his father's eldest son - legitimate or not. Could Richard seriously expect to pull off a double-regicide and get away with it? The choice was simple: remain as Regent until King Edward came of age, or murder his own flesh & blood and take the throne for himself, risking rebellion, anarchy and complete diplomatic isolation in the process. Not until the days of Oliver Cromwell would an Englishman ever again contemplate murdering his rightful sovereign...

Actions

A. Send them to the tower...

• Monarch Richard III becomes active
• Leader Richard III becomes active
• Leader Gloucester will never be active
• -25 relations with France
• -25 relations with Scotland
• -25 relations with Brittany
• -25 relations with Austria
• Global revolt risk +10 for 24 months
• The capital province revolts
• A random province revolts
• A random province revolts
• +100
• Stability -2

B. Never! This is treason!

• Monarch Edward V becomes active
• Monarch Richard III ° becomes active
• Monarch Stephen II * becomes active
• Leader Edward V becomes active
• Leader Richmond becomes active
• Monarch Henry VII will never rule
• Monarch Henry VIII will never rule
• Global revolt risk +2 for 24 months
• A random province revolts
• Stability -1

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Henry VI is active

Will happen on July 26, 1483

Description

In the decades after Towton Henry VI reigned, but the real power in the land was Queen Margaret of Anjou and her favorite the Duke of Somerset. Meanwhile, the Queen's eldest son Edward Prince of Wales grew to a sickly, arrogant and frivolous manhood. However, in 1461 the Queen delivered another boy, named Henry after his father - although the wags wondered aloud if that Henry is the King or Somerset. Henry VI enjoyed a long and futile reign, but his eldest son died before him, in July 1483, of consumption and gall at the long wait - so that when the aged but less than revered monarch passed away, he was succeeded by his second son Henry, the seventh of the name. Meanwhile, the new heir's cousin and namesake Henry Tudor, 2nd earl of Richmond, prefered to remain on his estates and was rarely seen at court, building a lavish residence in the latest Renaissance style near a town called Market Bosworth. He was often heard to grumble about the whims of fortune, and spent inordinate sums on seers and astrologers.

Actions

A. Henry, Prince of Wales

• Stability +1
• Aristocracy +1
• Serfdom -1
• Centralization +2
• Mercantilism -1
• Innovativeness +1

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Henry VII is active

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1485
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 2, 1509)

Description

The position of Justice of the Peace (JP) originated in England in about the 12th Century AD, believed to be from a Royal Edict issued by King Richard I (the Lionheart) and the Archbishop of Canterbury in the year 1195 AD. The title was first known as Custodes Pacis (Custodians of the Peace), but was later changed to Justices of the Peace. An act concerning Justices of the Peace was passed in 1489. It required that justices devote part of every quarter session to acknowledgment of the areas in which they themselves are particularly weak. The same act provided the general populace with the right to complain about the actions of justices directly to the monarch or his council. The appointment of the justices by the Lord Chancellor at irregular annual intervals allowed for the possible removal of uncooperative gentlemen at the next annual re-issue of the commissions.

Actions

A. Yes we need them

• Centralization +1
• +1 base tax value in Northumberland
• +1 base tax value in Yorkshire
• +1 base tax value in Lancashire
• +1 base tax value in Wales
• +1 base tax value in Midlands
• +1 base tax value in Lincoln
• +1 base tax value in Bristol
• +1 base tax value in Anglia
• +1 base tax value in Kent
• +1 base tax value in Wessex
• +1 base tax value in Cornwall
• Gain bailiff in Northumberland
• Gain bailiff in Yorkshire
• Gain bailiff in Lancashire
• Gain bailiff in Wales
• Gain bailiff in Midlands
• Gain bailiff in Lincoln
• Gain bailiff in Bristol
• Gain bailiff in Anglia
• Gain bailiff in Kent
• Gain bailiff in Wessex
• Gain bailiff in Cornwall
• -200
• Stability -2

B. No that is the Noblemen's job

• Serfdom +1
• Aristocracy +1
• Stability +1
• +100

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Henry VII is active

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1485
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 2, 1509)

Description

King Henry did continue the Yorkist tradition of promoting government officers from the middle class (primarily clerics and lawyers.) But he did not create the middle class government that many historians propose

Actions

A. Give them our support

• Innovativeness +1
• Aristocracy -1
• Mercantilism -2
• Stability -1

B. Prohibit them from working in the Government

• Innovativeness -1
• Aristocracy +1
• Serfdom +1
• Land +2
• Stability +1
• +100

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Henry VII is active

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1485
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 2, 1509)

Description

The Court of Star Chamber was a court of law which evolved from meetings of the King's royal council. Although its roots go back to the medieval period, the court only became powerful as a separate entity during the reign of Henry VII. In 1487 the court became a judicial body separate from the King's council, with a mandate to hear petitions of redress. The Court of Star Chamber was named for the star pattern painted on the ceiling of the room at Westminster Palace where its meetings were held. In a sense the court was a supervisory body.

Actions

A. Yes we need one

• Centralization +2
• Stability +1
• Global revolt risk +3 for 60 months

B. No we don't

• Aristocracy +2
• Centralization -1
• Innovativeness -1
• Stability +1

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Richard III is active

Will happen on August 23, 1485

Description

Richard III had many enemies, and on 7 August, Henry Tudor landed near Milford Haven with about 2,000 French mercenaries and a handful of Lancastrian lords and knights. He gathered reinforcements as he marched through Wales, then through Shrewsbury, Stafford and Atherstone. Richard was at Nottingham, and moved from there to Leicester on 19 August, and by 21 August the two armies were facing each other about two and a half miles south of Market Bosworth. Richard's army was just under 12,000 strong, but 4,000 of his troops were commanded by the Stanley brothers, whose loyalty was suspect. Henry had only 5,000 troops. During the battle Both the Stanleys turned neutral and withdrew to a defensive position just north of the battlefield, swinging the numerical strength if not to Henry's favor at least improving his situation. The battle was fought on and around Ambion Hill, close to Sutton Cheney, and lasted only two hours. Richard had the better position, but did not take advantage by attacking Oxford while he was still deploying his troops. This allowed Oxford to launch the first attack and the Duke of Norfolk, who was commanding Richard's forward battle division, was soon desperately pressed. For the first hour, the fighting was evenly matched, but Richard lost the battle through the treachery of the Stanleys, who deserted his cause. Even more damaging was of the Earl of Northumberland's failure to bring Richard's reserves into action when he saw the Stanleys withdrawing from the battlefield. Richard made a last attempt to win victory by directly attacking Henry with is personal guard, and almost succeeded, having cut down Henry's standard bearer. Richard's gamble failed, and he was struck down. The battle ended when Richard died. The Stanley brothers and Norfolk immediately started to negotiate with Oxford. Henry fearing that the conflict would spread attended the meeting bringing an end to the miseries of England. It was decided that the Dukes of England was to take part of Government and support their new King, Henry VII Tudor.

Actions

A. A horse, a horse! My kingdom for a horse!

• Global revolt risk -10 for 24 months
• Stability +1
• Aristocracy +1
• Serfdom -1
• Mercantilism -1
• Innovativeness +1

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Henry VII is active

Will happen on June 17, 1487

Description

Two years after Bosworth, a last Yorkist attempt was made to unseat Henry Tudor.

Actions

A. Lambert Simnel, eh? Put Him to Work in my Scullery

• Yorkshire revolts
• Yorkshire revolts
• Lancashire revolts
• Meath revolts
• Stability +1
• -100 relations with Burgundy
• -100 relations with Austria
• -50 relations with Connaught
• -50 relations with Leinster
• -50 relations with Desmond
• -50 relations with Ulster

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Henry VII is active
• Event 170200 - The Treaty of Châteaubriant for France has already occurred
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and France are at war
  • England and Brittany are at war

Will happen within 10 days of January 2, 1488
Checked again every 10 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1489)

Description

Brittany was the last of the great feudal fiefdoms of France that retained its old independence, and King Charles VIII of France and his Council were bent on completing the policy of Louis XI by annexing the Duchy. In England, there was a strong feeling against allowing such an important province to be added to the French Crown. Added to this, was the obvious strategic threat posed by a Breton coast under French rule. Nevertheless, the King was reluctant to go to war with France and instead preferred a diplomatic settlement. While the King and his Council discussed the developments in France, Lord Woodville, Governor of the Isle of Wight with a contigent of men crossed to Brittany and placed himself under the orders of Fracois II Duke of Brittany. The King promptly disowned the act...

Actions

A. Do not interfere directly...

• Lose 3000 troops in a random province
• Event 134003 - Lord Woodville Lends His Services for Brittany is triggered immediately
• +15 relations with Brittany

B. To war with France!

• Start a war with France

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Henry VII is active
• Event 164018 - Crisis in Brittany for England has already occurred
• None of the following must occur:
  • England and France are at war
  • England and Brittany are at war

Will happen within 10 days of January 2, 1488
Checked again every 10 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1489)

Description

In the spring King Henry VII concluded a treaty with the Duchess Anne by which England would send several thousand troops to aid Anne in the defence of her Duchy. In return, Anne was to make her resources available at a time of Henry's choosing to recover any of England's old possessions in France.

Actions

A. Do not directly interfere...

• Lose 3000 troops in a random province
• +25 relations with Brittany
• Event 134005 - English Reinforcements for Brittany is triggered immediately

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Own Wessex
• None of the following must occur:
  • Event 3753 - The Royal Army for England has already occurred
  • Land is at 7 or higher

Will happen within 30 days of March 2, 1495
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 2, 1515)

Description

The Admiralty was instituted to give the growing naval power an efficient and strong strategic leadership at Sea. Earlier there had only existed a number of odd King's ship's, each of which were the King's personal property. By making the admiralty responsible for all warships and the production of new and the repair of old the English navy got continuity and order. The Admiralty was also a plant school for military leaders and also important figures in the political life of London.

Actions

A. Let us authorize the Admiralty

• -2 base tax value in Wessex
• -200
• Naval tech investment: +800
• Trade tech investment: +400
• -20 national manpower
• Gain shipyard in Wessex
• Land -1

B. Let us institute the Royal Army instead

• -2 base tax value in Anglia
• -300
• Land tech investment: +800
• Infrastructure tech investment: +400
• Gain barrack in Anglia
• Land +2

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Own Wessex
• None of the following must occur:
  • Event 3011 - The Admiralty for England has already occurred
• Land is at 7 or higher

Will happen within 30 days of March 2, 1495
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 2, 1515)

Description

England as we know it decided on becoming a naval power and instituted the Admiralty as one of its assets. There were also signs of England taking another route, a route toward the continent and Land Power. Some elements can be found in Cromwell's New Model Army, but also the question-marks of a possible pro-French Stuart Dynasty and/or if England had managed to keep some of its French possessions. If that had happened England would have had much greater interests to protect on the Continent than on the High Seas.

Actions

A. Let us institute the Royal Army

• -2 base tax value in Anglia
• -300
• Land tech investment: +800
• Infrastructure tech investment: +400
• Gain barrack in Anglia
• Land +2

B. Let us authorize the Admiralty instead

• -2 base tax value in Wessex
• -200
• Naval tech investment: +800
• Trade tech investment: +400
• -20 national manpower
• Gain shipyard in Wessex
• Land -1

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Belle Isle has been discovered by Europeans
  • Bay of Fundy has been discovered by Europeans

Will happen within 30 days of March 6, 1496
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 2, 1506)

Description

After the great discoveries of the Spanish and Portuguese sailors - seeking for a new Spice Trade road - in America and Africa, the King of England Henry VII also decided himself to seek the famous passage of the West. Historically, John Cabot - an Italian - was selected for this expedition but, unlike his Iberian counterparts, he chose to try to find a passage in the north. Thus he led to the neighbourhoods of Bonavista's peninsula.

Actions

A. I hope that Neptune is with us...

• Belle Isle will be considered a national (core) province
• Anticosti will be considered a national (core) province

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Ungava has been discovered by Europeans

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1576
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1594)

Description

Always seeking the North-West passage, the English explorers chose to follow roads more to north in order to sail round Canada, thus thinking they will reach China. Historically, Martin Frobisher was the first to make serious explorations bringing the discovery of the bay which bears its name and some isles of current Nunavut.

Actions

A. It is a first step

• Ungava will be considered a national (core) province

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Wabana has been discovered by Europeans

Will happen within 30 days of March 6, 1578
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 2, 1583)

Description

Gone seeking the North-West passage, some explorers were deviated of their road during the journey. These risks of the Sea could have unexpected consequences, thus Gilbert reached Newfoundland which he took possession for the English Crown.

Actions

A. The chance makes the things sometimes well!

• Gander will be considered a national (core) province
• Placentia will be considered a national (core) province
• Wabana will be considered a national (core) province

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Own Chesapeake

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1585
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after June 2, 1592)

Description

During the search of the the North-West passage, English were interested in discovering the remainder of North America. Historically, the first attempt at colonization was that of Sir Grenville who, accompanied by Cavendish, tried without success to create a settlement in Virginia.

Actions

A. Let's try!

• Chesapeake will be considered a national (core) province

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Caniapiscau has been discovered by Europeans

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1585
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1598)

Description

Seeking the North-West passage, the English explorers advanced towards North. Historically, John Davis managed to reach lattitude 70.

Actions

A. Always further

• Belle Isle will be considered a national (core) province
• Caniapiscau will be considered a national (core) province
• Nain will be considered a national (core) province
• Anticosti will be considered a national (core) province

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Chesapeake
  • Own Massachusetts

Will happen within 30 days of December 19, 1606
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1614)

Description

After several failures, England tried to build perennial settlements on the ground of the New World. At the beginning of the XVII century - at the same time as France - Virginia Company sent an expedition leaded by John Smith on, from now on, the famous site of Jamestown.

Actions

A. The start of a great story

• Chesapeake will be considered a national (core) province
• Powhatan will be considered a national (core) province
• Sebago will be considered a national (core) province
• Connecticut will be considered a national (core) province
• Massachusetts will be considered a national (core) province
• Penobscot will be considered a national (core) province
• Bangor will be considered a national (core) province
• Micmac will be considered a national (core) province
• Acadie will be considered a national (core) province
• Nova Scotia will be considered a national (core) province

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Minto has been discovered by Europeans
  • Attawapiskat has been discovered by Europeans

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1607
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1611)

Description

The search of the passage led the English explorers to make large discoveries in the Far North. Historically, most beautiful among all was that of Henry Hudson who discovered the bay which bears his name.

Actions

A. Always further

• Nain will be considered a national (core) province
• Torngat will be considered a national (core) province
• Ungava will be considered a national (core) province
• Minto will be considered a national (core) province
• Chisasibi will be considered a national (core) province
• Attawapiskat will be considered a national (core) province
• Winisk will be considered a national (core) province

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Nain has been discovered by Europeans
  • Ungava has been discovered by Europeans

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1612
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after June 2, 1616)

Description

The Hudson's expedition opened the way for other explorers. Thus, Button explored Hudson Bay in detail without managing to find a passage towards the West.

Actions

A. Always further

• Nain will be considered a national (core) province
• Torngat will be considered a national (core) province
• Ungava will be considered a national (core) province
• Minto will be considered a national (core) province

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Winisk
  • Own Nueltin

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1660
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1687)

Description

Once maritime explorations was over, English tried to make profitable their knowledge of the northern Canada. Historically two French, Pierre Radisson and Médard des Groseillers, contributed to exploration and settlements around the Hudson Bay.

Actions

A. Firm ground

• Winisk will be considered a national (core) province
• Eskimalt will be considered a national (core) province
• Nueltin will be considered a national (core) province
• Chimo will be considered a national (core) province
• Athabaska will be considered a national (core) province

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Chesapeake
  • Own Powhatan

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1607
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1624)

Description

After the discovery of the North-American territories, the first English colonies were not long in being set up. The religious intolerance - which pushed persecuted people to exile - and the demographic pressure related to the enclosures movement attracted many colonists and allowed a fast development of the settlements. Historically, Virginia became one of the principal states of the USA, providing many presidents such as James Madison.

Actions

A. First settlement

• Chesapeake will be considered a national (core) province
• Powhatan will be considered a national (core) province
• Shenandoah will be considered a national (core) province
• (no effects)

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Massachusetts
  • All of the following must occur:
    • Massachusetts has been discovered by Europeans
    • At least one of the following must occur:
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Sebago
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Sebago has religion Pagan
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Connecticut
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Connecticut has religion Pagan
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Penobscot
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Penobscot has religion Pagan

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1620
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1639)

Description

After the discovery of the North-American territories, the first English colonies were not long in being set up. The religious intolerance which pushed persecuted people to exile - and the demographic pressure related to the enclosures movement attracted many colonists and allowed a fast development of the settlements. Historically, the first colonists were the Pilgrim fathers who came on board of the Mayflower in 1620, and establishing the famous habit of Thanksgiving.

Actions

A. Good!

• Massachusetts will be considered a national (core) province
• (no effects)

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Bangor
  • All of the following must occur:
    • Bangor has been discovered by Europeans
    • All of the following must occur:
      • Own Penobscot
      • None of the following must occur:
        • Penobscot has religion Pagan

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1620
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1639)

Description

After the discovery of the North-American territories, the first English colonies were not long in being set up. The religious intolerance which pushed persecuted people to exile - and the demographic pressure related to the enclosures movement attracted many colonists and allowed a fast development of the settlements. Historically, the State of Maine was created only in 1820. Its territories were part of Massachussets before.

Actions

A. Good!

• Bangor will be considered a national (core) province
• (no effects)

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Penobscot
  • None of the following must occur:
    • Penobscot has religion Pagan
  • All of the following must occur:
    • Penobscot has been discovered by Europeans
    • At least one of the following must occur:
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Sebago
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Sebago has religion Pagan
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Massachusetts
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Massachusetts has religion Pagan
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Bangor
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Bangor has religion Pagan

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1623
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1639)

Description

After the discovery of the North-American territories, the first English colonies were not long in being set up. The religious intolerance which pushed persecuted people to exile - and the demographic pressure related to the enclosures movement attracted many colonists and allowed a fast development of the settlements. Historically, New Hampshire was first under the domination of Massachussets and became a royal province until the end of the XVIIth century. It was the first State to declare independence from England in 1774.

Actions

A. Good!

• Penobscot will be considered a national (core) province
• (no effects)

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Delaware
  • All of the following must occur:
    • Delaware has been discovered by Europeans
    • At least one of the following must occur:
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Chesapeake
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Chesapeake has religion Pagan
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Powhatan
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Powhatan has religion Pagan
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Susquehanna
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Susquehanna has religion Pagan
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Manhattan
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Manhattan has religion Pagan

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1624
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1632)

Description

After the discovery of the North-American territories, the first English colonies were not long in being set up. The religious intolerance which pushed persecuted people to exile - and the demographic pressure related to the enclosures movement attracted many colonists and allowed a fast development of the settlements. Historically founded by Catholics, the colony was the object of conflicts between them and the Protestants who finally managed to take control of it.

Actions

A. Good!

• Delaware will be considered a national (core) province
• (no effects)

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Manhattan
  • Own Catskill
  • Own Oswego

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1624
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1664)

Description

After the discovery of the North-American territories, the first English colonies were not long in being set up. The religious intolerance which pushed persecuted people to exile - and the demographic pressure related to the enclosures movement attracted many colonists and allowed a fast development of the settlements. Historically, the site of New York was initially a Dutch possession before England does seize it after a war in 1664.

Actions

A. Good!

• Manhattan will be considered a national (core) province
• Catskill will be considered a national (core) province
• Oswego will be considered a national (core) province
• Mohawk will be considered a national (core) province
• Onondaga will be considered a national (core) province
• Ticonderoga will be considered a national (core) province
• Adirondak will be considered a national (core) province
• (no effects)

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Connecticut
  • All of the following must occur:
    • Connecticut has been discovered by Europeans
    • At least one of the following must occur:
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Manhattan
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Manhattan has religion Pagan
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Catskill
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Catskill has religion Pagan
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Adirondak
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Adirondak has religion Pagan
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Sebago
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Sebago has religion Pagan
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Massachusetts
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Massachusetts has religion Pagan

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1633
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1637)

Description

After the discovery of the North-American territories, the first English colonies were not long in being set up. The religious intolerance which pushed persecuted people to exile - and the demographic pressure related to the enclosures movement attracted many colonists and allowed a fast development of the settlements.

Actions

A. Good!

• Connecticut will be considered a national (core) province
• (no effects)

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Sebago
  • All of the following must occur:
    • Sebago has been discovered by Europeans
    • At least one of the following must occur:
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Adirondak
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Adirondak has religion Pagan
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Connecticut
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Connecticut has religion Pagan
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Massachusetts
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Massachusetts has religion Pagan
      • All of the following must occur:
        • Own Penobscot
        • None of the following must occur:
          • Penobscot has religion Pagan

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1633
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1637)

Description

After the discovery of the North-American territories, the first English colonies were not long in being set up. The religious intolerance which pushed persecuted people to exile - and the demographic pressure related to the enclosures movement attracted many colonists and allowed a fast development of the settlements. Although historically explored by the French Samuel de Champlain, the area was mainly colonized by English who, starting from the States established on the maritime frontage, spread inside the lands.

Actions

A. Good!

• Sebago will be considered a national (core) province
• (no effects)

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Roanoke
  • Own Catawba

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1640
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1660)

Description

After the discovery of the North-American territories, the first English colonies were not long in being set up. The religious intolerance which pushed persecuted people to exile - and the demographic pressure related to the enclosures movement attracted many colonists and allowed a fast development of the settlements.

Actions

A. Good!

• Roanoke will be considered a national (core) province
• Catawba will be considered a national (core) province
• Appalache will be considered a national (core) province
• (no effects)

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Irondekoit
  • Own Susquehanna

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1660
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1682)

Description

After the discovery of the North-American territories, the first English colonies were not long in being set up. The religious intolerance which pushed persecuted people to exile - and the demographic pressure related to the enclosures movement attracted many colonists and allowed a fast development of the settlements.

Actions

A. Good!

• Irondekoit will be considered a national (core) province
• Tuscarora will be considered a national (core) province
• Susquehanna will be considered a national (core) province
• Erie will be considered a national (core) province
• (no effects)

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Carolina
  • Own Santee

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1670
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1690)

Description

After the discovery of the North-American territories, the first English colonies were not long in being set up. The religious intolerance which pushed persecuted people to exile - and the demographic pressure related to the enclosures movement attracted many colonists and allowed a fast development of the settlements. Historically, Carolina was a land coveted by Spaniards, French and English. Despite several attempts in XVIth century, English had to wait until the end of the XVIIth century to see a colony being firmly established.

Actions

A. Good!

• Alleghany will be considered a national (core) province
• Carolina will be considered a national (core) province
• Santee will be considered a national (core) province
• (no effects)

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Own Savannah
  • Own Alabama

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1700
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1730)

Description

After the discovery of the North-American territories, the first English colonies were not long in being set up. The religious intolerance which pushed persecuted people to exile - and the demographic pressure related to the enclosures movement attracted many colonists and allowed a fast development of the settlements. Historically, Georgia took an important role as a border of the Spanish settlements of Florida which it contributed to contain out of the English colonies.

Actions

A. Good!

• Savannah will be considered a national (core) province
• Alabama will be considered a national (core) province
• (no effects)

England -- Not random

Will happen within 360 days of January 2, 1500
Checked again every 360 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1500)

Description

Erasmus a humanist who was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance the first editor of the New Testament and also an important figure in patristics and classical literature had great influence on theological debate during his life. As a man of the middle ground his views made him a beacon for those who valued liberty more than orthodoxy.

Actions

A. OK

• Innovativeness +1
• Centralization +1

England -- Not random

Will happen within 30 days of January 2, 1509
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 2, 1521)

Description

The population of England lived on the land under a manorial system. They were primarily tenant farmers who were tied to a particular locality, rarely if ever leaving their places of birth. With the rise of commerce, it became increasingly profitable for the aristocracy who owned the land to enclose it. The enclosure movement displaced the tenant farmers and caused a movement into the cities. As people congregated in cities, they became sources of cheap labor for the factories and mines that developed. The concentration of population into cities, however, also created a class of poor, many of whom were willing to became 'indentured servants' and migrate to the North American colonies in search of a better life.

Actions

A. Reform

• +1 base tax value in Midlands
• +1 base tax value in Lincoln
• +1 base tax value in Bristol
• +1 base tax value in Anglia
• +1 base tax value in Kent
• +1 base tax value in Wessex
• Stability -3
• Global revolt risk +1 for 240 months
• Midlands revolts

B. Do not reform

• Centralization -1
• Serfdom -2
• Stability +1

England -- Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Monarch Henry VIII is active
  • Event 17024 - The Holy League against France for Papal States has already occurred
  • Event 236006 - The Holy League against France for The Pope has already occurred

Will happen within 500 days of October 11, 1510
Checked again every 500 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after April 2, 1512)

Description

In 1510 Venice submitted to the Pope, thus lessening the league of Cambrai. Conditions were hard for Venice, the Republic had to renounce her traditional power to appoint bishops as well as all jurisdiction over Papal subjects in Venetian territory and was to compensate Pope Julius II for his war expenses needed to recapture the Papal holdings in Romagna, while the Pope accepted the humble request of the Republic for pardon, cancelling the interdict. But the reconciliation between Venice and the Pope did not stop the French to continue the war against Venice with attacks to her cities in Terraferma. Julius II, in the meanwhile, had become increasingly concerned by the growing French presence in Italy and formulated plans, both to chase the French out of the Po Valley and to seize the Duchy of Ferrara, a French ally, with the intention to add the territories of Modena, Reggio and Ferrara to the Papal States. In realizing his plan the Pope immediately excommunicated Alfonso d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, declaring his fief forfeited for his remaining loyal to France, then he gained the military support of Venice, eager to recover her territories lost to the French a armies and hired an army of Swiss mercenaries to attack Milan as to isolate the French armies in Italy. However his plans failed as the French army managed to invade Romagna and occupy the cities of Bologna and Ravenna, supported by the powerful and celebrated artillery of Duke Alfonso d'Este. In addition, in response to Pope's switching sides, Louis XII of France convoked a Schismatic Council at Pisa as to have the 'Warrior Pope' deposed. Pope Julius II, having unsuccessfully pressed the Republic of Florence to refuse hosting the schismatic cardinals, proclaimed the Holy League against France and convoked a Council of his own to meet at the Lateran in Rome. The promise of territorial gains at French expense caused Ferdinand II of Aragon and Emperor Maximilian I to abandon their alliance with the French, and in October 1511, they joined the newly-formed Holy League together with Julius II and the Republic of Venice. In November, Henry VIII of England and the Swiss confederation joined as well.

Actions

A. Express Support

• Gain a temporary casus belli against France for 36 months
• -150 relations with France
• +150 relations with Austria
• +150 relations with Venice
• +150 relations with Aragon
• +150 relations with Papal States
• Event 164253 - The Holy League against France for England will never fire

B. Stay neutral

• +50 relations with France
• -50 relations with Venice
• -50 relations with Austria
• -50 relations with Aragon
• -50 relations with Papal States
• Event 164253 - The Holy League against France for England will never fire

C. Express Hostility

• +150 relations with France
• -150 relations with Venice
• -150 relations with Austria
• -150 relations with Aragon
• -150 relations with Papal States
• Event 164253 - The Holy League against France for England will never fire

England -- Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Edward V is active
• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 17024 - The Holy League against France for Papal States has already occurred
  • Event 236006 - The Holy League against France for The Pope has already occurred

Will happen within 500 days of October 11, 1510
Checked again every 500 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after April 2, 1512)

Description

In 1510 Venice submitted to the Pope, thus lessening the league of Cambrai. Conditions were hard for Venice, the Republic had to renounce her traditional power to appoint bishops as well as all jurisdiction over Papal subjects in Venetian territory and was to compensate Pope Julius II for his war expenses needed to recapture the Papal holdings in Romagna, while the Pope accepted the humble request of the Republic for pardon, cancelling the interdict. But the reconciliation between Venice and the Pope did not stop the French to continue the war against Venice with attacks to her cities in Terraferma. Julius II, in the meanwhile, had become increasingly concerned by the growing French presence in Italy and formulated plans, both to chase the French out of the Po Valley and to seize the Duchy of Ferrara, a French ally, with the intention to add the territories of Modena, Reggio and Ferrara to the Papal States. In realizing his plan the Pope immediately excommunicated Alfonso d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, declaring his fief forfeited for his remaining loyal to France, then he gained the military support of Venice, eager to recover her territories lost to the French a armies and hired an army of Swiss mercenaries to attack Milan as to isolate the French armies in Italy. However his plans failed as the French army managed to invade Romagna and occupy the cities of Bologna and Ravenna, supported by the powerful and celebrated artillery of Duke Alfonso d'Este. In addition, in response to Pope's switching sides, Louis XII of France convoked a Schismatic Council at Pisa as to have the 'Warrior Pope' deposed. Pope Julius II, having unsuccessfully pressed the Republic of Florence to refuse hosting the schismatic cardinals, proclaimed the Holy League against France and convoked a Council of his own to meet at the Lateran in Rome. The promise of territorial gains at French expense caused Ferdinand II of Aragon and Emperor Maximilian I to abandon their alliance with the French, and in October 1511, they joined the newly-formed Holy League together with Julius II and the Republic of Venice. In November, following the Swiss declaration of war on France, Edward V threw his lot in with the Valois, hoping to repair his kingdom's tattered relations with his powerful southern neighbour whilst determined to thwart Imperial ambitions in Italy and re-establish Plantagenet influence in Paris.

Actions

A. Expr